Diffuse-Type Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor An Update of Current Management Strategies

Diffuse-type giant cell tumor (Dt-GCT), formerly known as pigmented villonodular synovitis, is the more aggressive entity belonging to the spectrum of benign proliferative lesions of synovial origin that may affect the joints, bursae, and tendon sheaths. Diffuse-type giant cell tumor's importance stems from its local aggressiveness and sequelae if left untreated. This review briefly describes Dt-GCT's clinical features, its imaging and pathology findings, and provides an extensive discussion of its available treatments. The management approaches of Dt-GCT can be divided into surgical management and non-surgical management, which includes radiation therapy or more novel molecular and biologic therapies. We also present an algorithm based on disease presentation and site involved to guide treatment.