Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Redox Titration: Other Oxidizing and Reducing Agents01:26

Redox Titration: Other Oxidizing and Reducing Agents

255
Besides iodine, other oxidizing or reducing agents can serve as titrants in redox titrations. Common oxidizing titrants include KMnO4, cerium(IV), and K2Cr2O7. The choice of oxidizing titrants depends on factors like stability, cost, analyte strength, and reaction rate between the analyte and titrant. KMnO4 is a strong oxidizing titrant that reduces from Mn(VII) to Mn(II) in a highly acidic solution, simultaneously oxidizing the analyte to a higher oxidation state. In this case, KMnO4 acts as a...
255
Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Potassium Permanganate02:21

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Potassium Permanganate

11.2K
Alkenes can be dihydroxylated using potassium permanganate.  The method encompasses the reaction of an alkene with a cold, dilute solution of potassium permanganate under basic conditions to form a cis-diol along with a brown precipitate of manganese dioxide.
11.2K
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions03:11

Oxidation-Reduction Reactions

64.6K
Oxidation–Reduction Reactions
64.6K
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area01:23

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area

769
Dissolution kinetics, an essential aspect of oral drug delivery, is significantly influenced by the drug's particle size. According to the Noyes-Whitney dissolution model, the dissolution rate correlates directly with the drug's surface area. The larger the surface area, the higher the drug's solubility in water, leading to a faster drug dissolution rate. Reducing particle size increases the effective surface area, enhancing the dissolution process. Micronization and nanosizing are...
769
Redox Equilibria: Overview01:23

Redox Equilibria: Overview

545
A reduction-oxidation reaction is commonly called a redox reaction. In a redox reaction, electrons are transferred from one species to another rather than being shared between or among atoms. The reducing agent or reductant is the species that loses electrons and gets oxidized in the process. The species that gains electrons and gets reduced in the process is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Redox reactions are represented as two separate equations called half-reactions, where one equation...
545
Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

23.5K
A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
23.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Incorporation of Trivalent Lanthanide (Ln) in Powellite by Ca<sub>1-</sub><i><sub>x</sub></i>Na<sub>0.5<i>x</i></sub>Ln<sub>0.5<i>x</i></sub>MoO<sub>4</sub> Solid Solution Formation.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same author

Unlocking the Potential of Cobalt-Free Lithium-Ion Cathodes via Lithium-Rich Disorder Domains.

ACS nano·2025
Same author

Polymer Length Governs DNA Adsorption Dynamics on Mineral Surfaces.

Environmental science & technology·2025
Same author

Impact of pH and salinity fluctuations on oxidation of Fe(II) by nitrate-reducing microorganisms enriched from the reduced tidal sediment of an extreme acidic river (Río Tinto, Spain).

FEMS microbiology ecology·2025
Same author

Effects of organic ligands, phosphate and Ca on the structure and composition of Fe(III)-precipitates formed by Fe(II) oxidation at near-neutral pH.

Environmental science. Processes & impacts·2025
Same author

Nanoscale Characterization of Fungal-Induced CaCO<sub>3</sub> Precipitation: Implications for Self-Healing Concrete.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2025

Atomic Layer Deposition of Vanadium Dioxide and a Temperature-dependent Optical Model
11:10

Atomic Layer Deposition of Vanadium Dioxide and a Temperature-dependent Optical Model

Published on: May 23, 2018

11.9K

Effect of Oxidation on Vivianite Dissolution Rates and Mechanism.

Rouven Metz1, Naresh Kumar2, Walter D C Schenkeveld2

  • 1Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Department for Environmental Geosciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria.

Environmental Science & Technology
|August 16, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Vivianite (Fe3(PO4)2·8H2O) oxidation creates a protective layer, slowing its dissolution and phosphorus release. Understanding this is key for its use as a sustainable fertilizer.

Keywords:
amorphous iron phosphatecore–shell structuremetastabilitymineral transformationoxidation kineticssantabarbaraite

More Related Videos

Determining the Chemical Composition of Corrosion Inhibitor/Metal Interfaces with XPS: Minimizing Post Immersion Oxidation
07:44

Determining the Chemical Composition of Corrosion Inhibitor/Metal Interfaces with XPS: Minimizing Post Immersion Oxidation

Published on: March 15, 2017

15.7K
U2O5 Film Preparation via UO2 Deposition by Direct Current Sputtering and Successive Oxidation and Reduction with Atomic Oxygen and Atomic Hydrogen
12:05

U2O5 Film Preparation via UO2 Deposition by Direct Current Sputtering and Successive Oxidation and Reduction with Atomic Oxygen and Atomic Hydrogen

Published on: February 21, 2019

8.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 16, 2025

Atomic Layer Deposition of Vanadium Dioxide and a Temperature-dependent Optical Model
11:10

Atomic Layer Deposition of Vanadium Dioxide and a Temperature-dependent Optical Model

Published on: May 23, 2018

11.9K
Determining the Chemical Composition of Corrosion Inhibitor/Metal Interfaces with XPS: Minimizing Post Immersion Oxidation
07:44

Determining the Chemical Composition of Corrosion Inhibitor/Metal Interfaces with XPS: Minimizing Post Immersion Oxidation

Published on: March 15, 2017

15.7K
U2O5 Film Preparation via UO2 Deposition by Direct Current Sputtering and Successive Oxidation and Reduction with Atomic Oxygen and Atomic Hydrogen
12:05

U2O5 Film Preparation via UO2 Deposition by Direct Current Sputtering and Successive Oxidation and Reduction with Atomic Oxygen and Atomic Hydrogen

Published on: February 21, 2019

8.0K

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Geochemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Vivianite (Fe3(PO4)2·8H2O) is a promising sustainable phosphorus resource recovered from wastewater.
  • Vivianite's oxidation in oxic environments complicates understanding its dissolution rates and mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To disentangle vivianite oxidation and dissolution processes.
  • To quantitatively understand vivianite dissolution rates and mechanisms under oxic conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Controlled batch and flow-through experiments.
  • X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM).
  • Experiments conducted at various pH and temperatures using pristine and pre-oxidized vivianite.

Main Results:

  • Vivianite oxidation forms a passivating amorphous Fe(III)-PO4 surface layer, creating a core-shell structure.
  • Oxidation kinetics were diffusion-controlled.
  • Increased oxidation degree significantly decreased dissolution and P/Fe release rates.
  • Higher temperatures and pH accelerated oxidation, consequently slowing dissolution.

Conclusions:

  • Vivianite dissolution is significantly hindered by its own oxidation products.
  • The formation of a passivating layer dictates dissolution kinetics.
  • Optimizing vivianite recovery and application requires considering its oxidation behavior.