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Microscopic analysis of cut mark characteristics from chopping/hacking tools.
Kelly C McGehee1, John J Schultz2
1Department of Anthropology, University of Central Florida, HPH 309, 4000 Central Florida Boulevard, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
Forensic Science International
|August 16, 2024
Summary
Forensic analysis of bone trauma from chopping tools like axes and machetes can be improved by examining microscopic cut mark characteristics. Nine of fifteen evaluated features showed significant differences, aiding tool identification in sharp force trauma cases.
Area of Science:
- Forensic science
- Bioarchaeology
- Anthropology
Background:
- Sharp force trauma (SFT) evaluation of bone is crucial in forensics.
- Distinguishing between various chopping/hacking tools (e.g., axes, machetes) using microscopic cut marks requires further comprehensive study.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze microscopic cut mark characteristics from chopping/hacking tools to determine if tool type differentiation is possible.
- To develop standardization guidelines for assessing microscopic cut marks in forensic analysis.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of 15 microscopic cut mark characteristics on pig bone samples inflicted by an axe, hatchet, machete, cleaver, and carving knife.
- Statistical evaluation using chi-square analysis to assess significance and effect sizes of observed characteristics.
Main Results:
- Nine out of fifteen microscopic cut mark characteristics showed statistically significant differences related to the tool used.
- These findings indicate moderate to strong effect sizes, suggesting potential for tool differentiation.
- Specific characteristics like edge regularity, uprising, fossae, and microscopic fractures are key indicators.
Conclusions:
- Microscopic cut mark analysis can aid in differentiating between various chopping/hacking tools used to inflict sharp force trauma on bone.
- Standardized assessment guidelines for these characteristics are needed for reliable forensic application.
