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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of Erythrocytes01:27

Disorders of Erythrocytes

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Disorders of erythrocytes, or red blood cells (RBCs), include a range of conditions affecting their number, shape, or function.
Erythrocyte disorders can be broadly categorized into two main types: anemic and polycythemic conditions.
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The cardiovascular system regulates the number of erythrocytes in the bloodstream to ensure optimal oxygen transport. It also prevents over-proliferation of these cells, which helps to maintain blood viscosity and flow rate.
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Erythropoiesis01:14

Erythropoiesis

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Red blood cells  (RBCs) transport oxygen to all body tissues. These cells survive only for 120 days and then need to be replenished. Erythropoiesis is the process of RBC production. In healthy individuals, erythropoiesis ensures all tissues are amply supplied with oxygen. In addition, blood loss due to injury leads to a drop in the physiological oxygen level that will cause erythropoiesis. Any defect in erythropoiesis leads to several physiological disorders, including thalassemia, anemia,...
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Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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Role of Hematopoietic Growth Factors01:28

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Hematopoietic growth factors are molecules that regulate the differentiation rate of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Erythropoietin (EPO), primarily produced by the kidneys, plays a crucial role in erythrocyte production. When oxygen levels in the blood are low, EPO is released into the bloodstream, reaching the bone marrow, where it stimulates HSCs to differentiate and mature into erythrocytes, which are vital for oxygen transport.
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Hemoglobin01:24

Hemoglobin

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Hemoglobin is a globular protein made up of four subunits. Two of these subunits are alpha chains, and the other two are beta chains. Each subunit contains a molecule of heme, which has an iron atom and can bind to oxygen. When an oxygen molecule binds to one heme group, it changes the shape of hemoglobin, making it easier for the other heme groups to bind oxygen as well.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2025

Measuring Deformability and Red Cell Heterogeneity in Blood by Ektacytometry
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Measuring Deformability and Red Cell Heterogeneity in Blood by Ektacytometry

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Erythrocyte deformability correlates with systemic inflammation.

Carmen Jacob1, Lakeesha Piyasundara2, Maria Bonello1

  • 1Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK; Wessex Neurological Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.

Blood Cells, Molecules & Diseases
|August 16, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Systemic inflammation, indicated by C-reactive protein and sickness symptoms, reduces red blood cell (erythrocyte) deformability. This exploratory study found a direct link between inflammation markers and decreased erythrocyte flexibility.

Keywords:
EktacytometryInflammationRed blood cell deformability

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Immunostaining-Based Detection of Dynamic Alterations in Red Blood Cell Proteins
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Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Hematology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Systemic conditions, especially inflammatory ones, can impact red blood cell (erythrocyte) deformability.
  • This effect can occur even without underlying hematological disorders.
  • Understanding this link is crucial for comprehending systemic disease impacts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between systemic inflammatory status and erythrocyte deformability.
  • To assess this relationship across a diverse population with varying inflammation levels.
  • To determine if inflammatory markers correlate with altered red blood cell function.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective observational study with 22 participants.
  • Erythrocyte deformability measured using osmotic gradient ektacytometry, quantified by Maximum Elongation Index (EImax).
  • Systemic inflammation assessed via C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and Sickness Questionnaire Scores (SicknessQ).

Main Results:

  • Both CRP and SicknessQ scores significantly predicted EImax, indicating reduced erythrocyte deformability with higher inflammation.
  • Univariate linear regression showed significant associations (CRP: p=0.011, R²=0.279; SicknessQ: p=0.041, R²=0.212).
  • Multivariable regression analyses, adjusting for age, confirmed these findings.

Conclusions:

  • A linear relationship exists between erythrocyte deformability and markers of systemic inflammation.
  • Findings suggest inflammation directly impairs red blood cell function.
  • Further research in larger cohorts is needed to explore mechanisms and clinical implications.