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Updated: Jun 16, 2025
Heterogeneous Removal of Water-Soluble Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalyst from Aqueous Media Via Host-Guest Interaction
Published on: August 23, 2018
Photochromism, Thermochromism, and Electrochromism in Solid-State Host-Guest Inclusion Complexes of β-Cyclodextrin
Dong-Xue Xia1, Chen-Yan Xu1, Ming-Fu Ye1
1College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002, China.
Abstract:
Multi-stimuli-responsive chromic materials have immense potential for utilization. Herein, two supramolecular inclusion complexes were prepared by self-assembly of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) with dialkylcarboxyl-substituted viologens, N,N'-di(3-carboxy-propyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride (CPV·Cl2) and N,N'-di(6-carboxy-hexyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium dibromide (CHV·Br2). The self-assembled inclusion complexes CPV2+@β-CD and CHV2+@β-CD2 in the solid-state exhibited naked-eye photochromism, thermochromism, and electrochromism in response to multiple external stimuli including light, temperature, and electric field, respectively. Solid-state UV-vis diffuse reflectance and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy revealed that the observed photochromism, thermochromism and electrochromism are attributed to the formation of viologen free radicals induced by electron transfer under external stimuli. The excellent stimuli-response chromic properties of the title inclusion complexes support their practical utility in visual display, multiple anticounterfeiting, and multilevel information encryption.
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