CALINE4 and AERMOD modelling for roadway vehicle-related air pollution: a recent review in India

Modelling and prediction of air quality facilitates the drafting of efficient guidelines and, in turn, proper management of adversely affected areas. In order to depict the air pollutants in urban centres, this research analyses two modelling tools: AERMOD and CALINE4. Both technologies provide distinct capabilities in the modelling of air quality from vehicular and other emissions. CALINE4, a Gaussian dispersion model, specifies pollutant dispersion from mobile sources along roadways. It boasts a user-friendly interface and road-specific modelling capabilities, factoring in traffic speed and vehicle emissions. However, it simplifies intricate flow patterns and relies on primary meteorological data. On the other hand, AERMOD is a versatile model suitable for various emission sources, including both mobile and stationary sources. It excels at capturing diverse atmospheric processes but demands precise meteorological, terrain, and emission data. AERMOD is often preferred for regulatory compliance assessments, although it entails a steeper learning curve and higher computational requirements. The choice between CALINE4 and AERMOD hinges on study needs, data availability, and desired modelling precision. This review offers an overview to assist researchers in making informed model selections for assessing vehicle-related pollution, critical aspects of urban sustainability, and air quality management.