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SGLT-2 inhibitors are beneficial in reducing the risk of thyroid cancer: findings from a Mendelian randomization

LiRong Zhang1,2, Jiaqin Cai1,2, Huiting Lin1,2

  • 1School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.

Acta Diabetologica
|August 17, 2024
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors show a potential protective effect against thyroid cancer (TC), particularly papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), in European populations. Further research is needed to confirm these findings for cancer treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The relationship between diabetes medications and thyroid cancer (TC) risk remains unclear.
  • Previous studies have yielded inconclusive results regarding this association.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential causal link between major diabetes medications and thyroid cancer (TC) using a Mendelian randomization approach.
  • To examine the association with differentiated thyroid cancer subtypes, papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC).

Main Methods:

  • Employed Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis with Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, and weighted median methods.
  • Utilized genetic variants for six major diabetes medication targets as exposures.
  • Assessed TC, PTC, and FTC as outcomes, with additional analyses for heterogeneity, pleiotropy, and sensitivity.

Main Results:

  • Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors demonstrated a significant inverse association with overall thyroid cancer (TC) in European populations (OR 0.051, P=0.0082).
  • A significant negative association was also observed between SGLT2 inhibitors and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) (OR 0.034, P=0.0079).
  • No significant correlation was found between SGLT2 inhibitors and follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC), and findings remained robust after Bonferroni correction.

Conclusions:

  • Findings suggest SGLT2 inhibitors may serve as potential therapeutic targets for managing thyroid cancer (TC), especially papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), in European populations.
  • Large-scale randomized controlled trials are essential to validate the efficacy of SGLT2 inhibitors in reducing the risk and treating these specific thyroid cancers.
Keywords:
Diabetes medicationsMendelian randomization studySGLT-2 inhibitorsThyroid cancer

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