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Developing an institutional control framework for contaminated sites in China: An analytical case study.

Pengfei Shi1, Yan Ma2, Zheng Peng3

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; College of Water Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.

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This study introduces a comprehensive framework for institutional controls in China to manage contaminated sites effectively. It outlines a five-step process for whole-life cycle management and proposes a multi-departmental implementation strategy.

Keywords:
Contaminated siteGreen parkInstitutional controlsRisk managementSafe utilization

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Risk Management
  • Site Remediation

Background:

  • Institutional controls are crucial for managing contaminated sites globally.
  • China is exploring institutional controls, but lacks a clear framework for implementation, safeguards, and evaluation.
  • Existing land and remediation systems in China require adaptation for effective institutional controls.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a whole life cycle institutional controls framework tailored to China's unique systems.
  • To demonstrate the framework's applicability through a case study.
  • To provide a replicable model for implementing institutional controls at contaminated sites.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a five-step framework: evaluating need, establishing objectives, identifying requirements, defining implementation, and reviewing effectiveness.
  • Conducted a case study at a petrochemical contaminated site.
  • Analyzed residual pollutants, exposure pathways, hazards, and engineering facilities.
  • Proposed eight restrictive requirements.
  • Established a multi-departmental implementation pathway.

Main Results:

  • A five-step institutional controls framework for China's contaminated sites was proposed.
  • Eight restrictive requirements were identified, including protecting soil layers and monitoring wells.
  • A multi-departmental implementation pathway involving environmental, natural resources, and housing departments was constructed.
  • A case study demonstrated the framework's applicability.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed framework offers a replicable and generalizable model for institutional controls in China.
  • This research provides theoretical and practical support for implementing institutional controls at contaminated sites.
  • Effective institutional controls require a systematic approach and inter-departmental collaboration.