Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2025

Estimation of Urinary Nanocrystals in Humans using Calcium Fluorophore Labeling and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis
07:45

Estimation of Urinary Nanocrystals in Humans using Calcium Fluorophore Labeling and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis

Published on: February 9, 2021

3.6K

Targeting protein receptors and enzymes for precision management of urolithiasis: A comprehensive review

Ziyaul Haque1, Mohamad Taleuzzaman2, Ruqaiya Jamal2

  • 1Anjumane-I-Islam Kalsekar Technical Campus (AIKTC), School of Pharmacy, Plot No: 2&3, Sector:16, Near Thana Naka, Khandagaon, New Panvel, Mumbai, Maharashtra 410206, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Maulana Azad University, Village Bujhawar, Tehsil Luni, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342802, India.

European Journal of Pharmacology
|August 17, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Targeting specific protein receptors and enzymes shows promise for treating urolithiasis (kidney stones). These novel therapies aim to reduce stone formation and recurrence, offering new hope for patients.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Pharmacology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Urolithiasis (kidney stones) is a prevalent condition with high recurrence and limited effective treatments.
  • Protein receptors and enzymes are increasingly recognized as key players in kidney stone development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the therapeutic potential of targeting specific protein receptors and enzymes in urolithiasis management.
  • To explore the mechanisms of action of drugs targeting these pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on urolithiasis pathogenesis.
  • Analysis of the roles of specific receptors (e.g., calcium-sensing, vasopressin V2) and enzymes (e.g., urease, xanthine oxidase).
  • Discussion of potential therapeutic targets and associated drugs.

Main Results:

  • Identified key protein receptors (calcium-sensing, vasopressin V2, angiotensin II, aldosterone) and enzymes (urease, xanthine oxidase) involved in stone formation.
  • Highlighted the potential of receptor-targeted therapies and enzyme inhibitors for urolithiasis treatment.
  • Discussed the mechanisms of action for relevant drugs.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting specific receptors and enzymes offers a promising strategy for personalized urolithiasis treatment.
  • Further clinical evidence and cost-effectiveness studies are needed for successful translation into practice.
  • These approaches could revolutionize urolithiasis management and reduce its global impact.
Keywords:
Calcium-sensing receptorUrease inhibitorsUrolithiasisVasopressin receptorXanthine oxidase inhibitors

More Related Videos

Validation of Therapeutic Agent Conjugation to Polyvinyl Alcohol-Coated Medical Devices06:34

Validation of Therapeutic Agent Conjugation to Polyvinyl Alcohol-Coated Medical Devices

Published on: November 29, 2024

207
Expression of Transgenes in Native Bladder Urothelium Using Adenovirus-Mediated Transduction06:01

Expression of Transgenes in Native Bladder Urothelium Using Adenovirus-Mediated Transduction

Published on: October 6, 2022

1.5K

Related Concept Videos

Transducer Mechanism: Enzyme-Linked Receptors01:27

Transducer Mechanism: Enzyme-Linked Receptors

Enzyme-linked receptors are cell-surface receptors acting as an enzyme or associating with an enzyme intracellularly. They make excellent drug targets. Drugs can bind to the extracellular ligand-binding domain or directly affect their enzymatic domain and alter their activity.
Major types that are helpful drug targets include:
2.4K
Targets for Drug Action: Overview01:26

Targets for Drug Action: Overview

Drugs target macromolecules to modify ongoing cellular processes. Primary drug targets include receptors, ion channels, transporters, and enzymes.
Receptors are either membrane-spanning or intracellular proteins, which upon binding a ligand, get activated and transmit the signal downstream to elicit a response. Drugs bind receptors, either mimicking the action of endogenous ligands or blocking the receptor activity to bring about a modified response. Nearly 35% of approved drugs target the G...
6.1K
Drug Elimination by Renal Route: Tubular Secretion01:15

Drug Elimination by Renal Route: Tubular Secretion

Once the process of glomerular filtration is completed, blood carrying unfiltered drug molecules traverses through efferent arterioles and makes its way into the peritubular capillaries in the proximal tubule. A variety of carriers play a pivotal role in actively secreting drugs from these peritubular capillaries into the tubular fluid. The organic anion transporter transfers acidic drugs, against an electrochemical gradient, from the peritubular capillaries into the renal tubule cells and...
2.3K
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
7.5K
Renal Drug Excretion: Tubular Secretion01:28

Renal Drug Excretion: Tubular Secretion

Active tubular secretion is a robust, energy-demanding process that utilizes carrier systems to transport drugs into renal tubules. The active renal secretion systems include the organic anion transporter (OAT) for weak acids and the organic cation transporter (OCT) for weak bases. Structurally similar drugs can compete for the same transporter, potentially leading to drug accumulation and toxicity. However, this principle can be exploited therapeutically. One example is probenecid (Probalan),...
154
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Calcium Channel Blockers01:26

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Calcium Channel Blockers

Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are two critical categories of drugs employed in the treatment of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). PAH is a disease that causes high blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries, resulting in chest pain, fatigue, and shortness of breath.
TKIs, such as imatinib (Gleevec), are particularly effective in tackling the growth and mitogenic factors that become upregulated in PAH patients. These factors contribute to the...
149