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Updated: Jun 16, 2025

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Nutrient sensing of mTORC1 signaling in cancer and aging

Cong Jiang1, Xiao Tan1, Ning Liu2

  • 1Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.

Seminars in Cancer Biology
|August 17, 2024
PubMed

Insights

The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway senses nutrients to maintain cell balance. Its dysregulation links to cancer and aging, highlighting its crucial role in health and disease.

Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is vital for cellular homeostasis, balancing anabolic and catabolic processes.
  • mTORC1 responds to diverse environmental cues including nutrients, growth factors, energy, oxygen, and stress.
  • Aberrant mTORC1 signaling is implicated in human diseases like cancer, aging, neurodegeneration, and metabolic disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent molecular and functional insights into nutrient sensing by the mTORC1 pathway.
  • To explore the role of deregulated nutrient-mTORC1 signaling in cancer and age-related disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of molecular and functional studies on mTORC1 nutrient sensing.
  • Analysis of research linking mTORC1 dysregulation to disease progression.

Main Results:

  • mTORC1 integrates various upstream signals, particularly nutrients, to control cellular functions.
  • Nutrient sensing by mTORC1 is critical for maintaining physiological balance.
  • Disruption of nutrient-mTORC1 signaling contributes to the pathogenesis of cancer and age-related diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding mTORC1 nutrient sensing mechanisms is crucial for comprehending physiological and pathological processes.
  • Targeting nutrient-mTORC1 signaling pathways may offer therapeutic strategies for cancer and age-related diseases.
Keywords:
Amino acidKinaseMTORMTORC1MTORC2Nutrient sensingPhosphorylationTumorigenesis

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