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High Throughput Sequential ELISA for Validation of Biomarkers of Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease

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Plasma proteome profiling in giant cell arteritis.

Kevin Y Cunningham¹, Benjamin Hur², Vinod K Gupta²

¹Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases

|August 17, 2024

Summary

Plasma proteomic signatures can distinguish giant cell arteritis (GCA) from controls. Machine learning integration shows promise for discovering multiplex biomarkers for GCA diagnosis and management.

Keywords:

Giant Cell Arteritis Machine Learning Vasculitis

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Proteomics
Vascular Inflammation

Background:

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a systemic vasculitis affecting large arteries.
Accurate diagnosis and monitoring of disease activity are crucial for effective GCA management.
Identifying reliable biomarkers for GCA remains an unmet clinical need.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify plasma proteomic signatures differentiating active and inactive GCA from non-disease controls.
To discover proteins associated with disease activity in GCA.
To evaluate the potential of plasma proteome profiling for GCA biomarker discovery.

Main Methods:

Prospective longitudinal study of 30 GCA patients (active and inactive disease) and 30 controls.
High-throughput aptamer-based proteomics assay analyzing over 7000 protein features.
Machine learning models (Random Forest) applied to plasma proteome data.

Main Results:

537 and 781 differentially abundant proteins identified between active GCA/controls and inactive GCA/controls, respectively.
16 proteins associated with active GCA disease.
Machine learning models accurately differentiated GCA patients from controls (95.0-98.3% accuracy).
Plasma proteins alone had limited ability to distinguish active from inactive GCA within patients.

Conclusions:

Plasma proteomic signatures offer potential for GCA diagnosis.
Integration of machine learning with proteomic data shows promise for multiplex biomarker discovery in GCA.
Further research is needed to refine biomarkers for distinguishing disease states.