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Bioengineering approaches for patient-specific analysis of placenta structure and function.

Adrienne K Scott1, Daniella M Fodera2, Patrick Yang3

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis MO, USA; Center for Women's Health Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis MO, USA; Center for Regenerative Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis MO, USA.

Placenta
|August 17, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is linked to placental issues. This study introduces a multiscale approach to analyze placental structure and blood flow, aiming to understand FGR causes and improve diagnosis.

Keywords:
Doppler ultrasoundFetal growth restrictionNanoindentationOptical coherence tomographyPlacentaVilli

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Area of Science:

  • Perinatal medicine
  • Biomedical engineering
  • Placental biology

Background:

  • Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a major cause of perinatal mortality.
  • FGR is associated with impaired oxygen and nutrient exchange at the maternal-fetal interface.
  • Placental villous structure alterations are implicated in reduced oxygen exchange efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel, multiscale workflow for quantifying patient-specific biophysical properties, 3D structural features, and blood flow of villous tissue.
  • To characterize placental microvasculature at increasing length scales.
  • To advance the understanding of how microvascular changes in the placenta lead to FGR.

Main Methods:

  • Employed nanoindentation to measure time-dependent material properties of placenta tissue.
  • Utilized optical coherence tomography for 3D structural analysis of villous tissue.
  • Applied ultrasound imaging to assess blood flow through the villi.

Main Results:

  • Developed a workflow to quantify patient-specific biophysical properties, 3D structure, and blood flow of villous tissue.
  • Enabled characterization of placental microvasculature across multiple length scales.
  • Provided a method to infer changes in maternal-fetal oxygen transport based on villous tissue properties.

Conclusions:

  • Quantifying biophysical properties, 3D architecture, and blood flow in villous tissue offers insights into FGR mechanisms.
  • This multiscale understanding can lead to new diagnostic and intervention strategies for FGR.
  • The study advances knowledge of placental microvascular function in relation to fetal growth.