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Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
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Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response01:31

Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response

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Inositol-requiring kinase one or IRE1 is the most conserved eukaryotic unfolded protein response (UPR) receptor. It is a type I transmembrane protein kinase receptor with a distinctive site-specific RNase activity. As the binding mechanics of the misfolded proteins with the N-terminal domain of IRE-1 are unclear, three binding models — direct, indirect, and allosteric -- are proposed for receptor activation. Nevertheless, it is known that once a misfolded protein associates with IRE1, it...
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Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin00:51

Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin

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Calcitonin, a vital polypeptide hormone, regulates calcium levels within body fluids. It is released by the parafollicular cells, also known as C cells, situated in the follicular epithelium of the thyroid gland. Calcitonin responds to fluctuations in blood calcium levels and the influence of gastrointestinal hormones like gastrin and cholecystokinin.
The exact mechanisms by which calcitonin operates in calcium homeostasis remain elusive, but its significance is evident in several vital...
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The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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Role of ER in the Secretory Pathway01:17

Role of ER in the Secretory Pathway

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Eukaryotic cells have a special pathway that enables communication between various intracellular membrane-bound compartments and also with the extracellular environment. This pathway is termed as the secretory pathway.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2025

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
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Irisin in thyroid diseases.

Qi Chen1, Jing Wang2, Kang Li3

  • 1Department of outpatient, Shijiazhuang No.8 Retired Cadre Retirement Home of Hebei Military Region, Shijiazhuang 050000, China.

Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry
|August 18, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Irisin, a hormone-like myokine, may impact metabolic diseases. Research explores its complex relationship with thyroid function, highlighting the need for further clinical trials.

Keywords:
Autoimmune thyroiditisCKFNDC5IrisinMetabolic disease

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Diseases
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Irisin is an adipo-myokine with hormone-like functions.
  • Its effects resemble thyroid hormones, suggesting a link.
  • The irisin-thyroid axis is complex and not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current research on serum irisin and thyroid function.
  • To provide an overview of advancements and limitations in irisin-thyroid hormone research.
  • To offer insights for future clinical trials.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing in vitro and animal studies.
  • Analysis of research on serum irisin levels and thyroid function.
  • Synthesis of current findings on irisin and thyroid hormones.

Main Results:

  • The relationship between irisin and thyroid diseases is multifaceted.
  • Existing studies show complex interactions, not simple correlations.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the exact role of irisin.

Conclusions:

  • The interplay between irisin and thyroid hormones requires more investigation.
  • Current research provides a foundation but has limitations.
  • Future clinical trials should focus on elucidating these complex interactions.