The Impact of Menstrual Disorders on Sleep Quality in Adolescents: An Observational Study

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS), dysmenorrhea, and abnormal uterine bleeding are frequent gynecological problems in adolescent girls. Studies show that sleep disorders and menstrual cycle irregularities are common conditions and indicate that they may occur together. Studies on the relationship between sleep quality and menstruation are mostly available for late adolescents (17 years and older) and young adult age groups. Our study aims to evaluate this relationship in adolescents aged 12-18.

A survey study was structured and consisted of 4 sections. The first section includes anthropometric measurements and medical history of the participants; the second section includes "menstruation and menstruation symptoms history"; the third section includes "The Sleep Quality Scale and Sleep Variable Questionnaire"; and the fourth section includes the "Premenstrual Syndrome Assessment Scale" (PMSAS). Our survey was applied to those who visited the adolescent medicine outpatient clinic.

The Sleep Quality Scale score was significantly lower in those with high PMSAS scores (P < .001). The participants who had dysmenorrhea and experienced other symptoms during menstruation had significantly lower SQS scores and sleep efficiency (SE) (P < .001). There was no significant difference between heavy menstrual bleeding, defined as lasting more than 7 days, requiring more than 5-6 pads/tampons per day, and SE/quality (P > .05).

According to our study, dysmenorrhea and the presence of PMS may negatively affect the sleep quality of adolescents. Health professionals dealing with young people should take into account the effects of menstrual problems on sleep quality and offer appropriate support/treatment options.