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Autophagy01:27

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Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
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Eukaryotic cells can degrade proteins through several pathways. One of the most important among these is the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. It helps the cell eliminate the misfolded, damaged, or unwarranted cytoplasmic proteins in a highly specific manner.
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Proteomics01:33

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Quantitative Proteomics Workflow using Multiple Reaction Monitoring Based Detection of Proteins from Human Brain Tissue
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The autophagy proteome in the brain.

Vitor I Ito-Silva1, Bradley J Smith1, Daniel Martins-de-Souza1,2,3,4

  • 1Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.

Journal of Neurochemistry
|August 19, 2024
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Summary

Autophagy, a key cellular process, is crucial for health. This review explores how disruptions in autophagy, studied via proteomics, contribute to neurological disorders, offering insights into disease mechanisms.

Keywords:
autophagosomesdiseasesimpairmentmass spectrometryproteomics

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Neuroscience
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Autophagy is a fundamental cellular process vital for maintaining cellular health and homeostasis.
  • While autophagy mechanisms are understood, its role in disease pathology, particularly neurological disorders, requires further investigation.
  • Proteomics offers a powerful approach to identify molecular alterations, including protein expression and post-translational modifications, in disease states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the molecular mechanisms and regulation of autophagy.
  • To compile recent literature on the association between autophagy disturbances and brain disorders.
  • To highlight the potential of proteomics in advancing the understanding of neurological diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review of existing literature.
  • Analysis of studies utilizing various models (rodent, cellular, human post-mortem samples).
  • Focus on proteomics as a tool for investigating molecular changes in autophagy.

Main Results:

  • Autophagy plays a significant role in cellular function and is implicated in disease.
  • Disturbances in autophagy pathways are linked to various brain disorders.
  • Proteomic analyses have identified specific protein alterations and post-translational modifications in autophagy related to neurological conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding autophagy regulation and its dysregulation is critical for deciphering neurological disorder mechanisms.
  • Proteomics provides valuable insights into the molecular underpinnings of autophagy dysfunction in brain diseases.
  • Advancements in proteomics hold promise for identifying novel therapeutic targets for neurological disorders.