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Analytical Methods for Determining Psychoactive Substances in Various Matrices: A Review.
Szymon Świątek1,2, Andrzej Czyrski1
1Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry
|August 19, 2024
Summary
This review clarifies psychoactive and psychotropic substance terminology and analyzes 25 substances. It details analytical methods for detecting these drugs in biological samples, crucial for public health and forensic science.
Area of Science:
- Forensic Chemistry
- Analytical Chemistry
- Toxicology
Background:
- Psychoactive substances significantly impact society, causing health and behavioral disturbances.
- Their consumption is influenced by legal, cultural, and religious factors.
- Chemical modifications of these substances complicate detection and control.
Purpose of the Study:
- To differentiate between psychoactive and psychotropic substances and drugs.
- To review analytical methods for identifying and quantifying 25 psychoactive substances in biological matrices.
- To discuss current trends and challenges in analyzing evolving psychoactive substances.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature review of analytical methods for psychoactive substance determination.
- Focus on chromatographic and spectrophotometric techniques, including novel approaches.
- Analysis of validation studies and innovative determination strategies from PubMed-sourced articles.
Main Results:
- Categorization of 25 psychoactive substances into stimulants, neuroleptics, depressants, and hallucinogens.
- Review of methods for detection in blood, urine, saliva, hair, and nails.
- Discussion of limits of detection and quantitation for various analytical techniques.
Conclusions:
- Accurate analytical methods are essential for controlling and understanding psychoactive substance use.
- Ongoing research is needed to address challenges posed by novel psychoactive substances.
- Standardized terminology and validated methods improve public health and forensic investigations.
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