Gender disparities in cardiothoracic surgery: a comparative study in India

Area of Science:

• Medical Specialties
• Surgical Specialties
• Cardiothoracic Surgery

Background:

• Investigating gender bias in cardiothoracic vascular surgery in India.
• Comparing female surgeons and trainees in India versus abroad.

Purpose of the Study:

• To examine the prevalence of gender bias in cardiothoracic vascular surgery.
• To compare experiences of women surgeons in India and internationally.

Main Methods:

• A comparative, cross-sectional analytical study.
• Online questionnaire assessing demographics, career, training, and personal life impact.
• Survey included 203 practicing surgeons and trainees (121 men, 82 women).

Main Results:

• Women surgeons in India reported significant discrimination and gender-related references.
• Indian women faced more discouragement pursuing cardiothoracic surgery and had fewer presentation opportunities.
• Personal life impacts: higher rates of single status and lower rates of having children among Indian women.

Conclusions:

• Significant gender disparities exist in Indian cardiothoracic vascular surgery.
• Urgent need to address gender bias and promote equality in the field.