Chromosomal 1p Duplication in a Pediatric Patient: A Case Report

Chromosomal 1p duplications are a rarity, with minimal literature on the topic. As a result, it is useful to document patient presentations with this defect to help guide the management and treatment of future patients with this genetic abnormality. We present a successful case report of a patient with a chromosome 1p31.3p31.1 duplication, including her initial presentation, the path to genetic testing, and patient outcome. Chromosomal duplication was found on genetic testing performed for failure to thrive and inability to meet her developmental milestones. The patient was significantly undernourished due to her feeding difficulties, leading to her presentation of altered mental status, growth arrest, dehydration, and hypoglycemia. Intervention in the form of a gastrostomy tube and fundoplication led to a significant improvement in the stability seen in the patient at the time of discharge. Long-term cognitive-linguistic treatment is required for continued neurological development. Only 11 publications currently exist regarding chromosome 1p duplication. However, none are specific to the 1p31.3p31.1 duplication, making this case report the first of its kind. Overlapping chromosomal 1p duplications have been described in patients with low birth weight and growth delays, palate abnormalities, intellectual disability, microcephaly, heart defects, and ambiguous genitalia. Despite the rarity of this duplication, it is essential to document these cases because if some of these genetic abnormalities are identified in more significant numbers, they can be conclusively linked to the patient's phenotype. In addition, the treatment plan played an instrumental role in stabilizing our patient's condition. It is also helpful to report the treatment plans so future clinicians who encounter this situation can utilize the successful treatment plans that most align with their patient's clinical presentation.