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Are psychotic-like experiences associated with aberrant prosocial decision-making behavior?
Julia Elmers1,2, Tana Gabbert1, Bastian David3
1Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
Frontiers in Psychology
|August 19, 2024
Summary
Individuals with psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) show altered social decision-making, not less prosociality. They adapt behavior less effectively, potentially impacting social functioning and positive symptoms.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Neuroscience
- Psychiatry
Background:
- Schizophrenia is linked to social functioning and decision-making deficits.
- The relationship between positive symptoms and social conflicts remains unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate social decision-making differences in individuals with high psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) versus controls.
- To explore the link between PLEs, social behavior, and positive symptoms.
Main Methods:
- Utilized a Dictator Game (DG) paradigm in an online study.
- Recruited a large community sample (N=1,161).
- Formed extreme groups based on the CAPE positive subscale.
Main Results:
- Participants with PLEs did not exhibit reduced prosocial behavior overall.
- Aberrant decision-making observed: more prosocial in fair situations, favoring punishment over compensation.
- Empathy and Machiavellianism predicted prosocial behavior independently of group status.
Conclusions:
- Individuals with high PLEs may struggle to adapt behavior situationally.
- Social cognition deficits could lead to conflict, impairing social functioning and contributing to positive symptoms.
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