Dual-Modal Aptasensor for Sensitive Detection of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Exosomes Utilizing Two-Dimensional Nanopaper Co@g-C₃N₄@PB

Xin Xu ¹, Ze Zhang ¹, Hongwei Yu ¹

⁰Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, China.

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August 19, 2024

View abstract on PubMed

Summary

A novel dual-modal aptasensor detects exosomes for nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) screening. This sensitive and portable device offers potential for early diagnosis and point-of-care testing in clinical settings.

Area Of Science

Biomedical Engineering
Nanotechnology
Cancer Diagnostics

Background

Nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a leading cause of cancer death globally, often lacking early symptoms.
Exosomes in bodily fluids show potential as NSCLC biomarkers, with higher concentrations in patients than healthy individuals.
Existing diagnostic methods may lack the sensitivity or portability required for widespread screening.

Purpose Of The Study

To develop a dual-modal aptasensor integrating electrochemical and fluorescence detection for NSCLC exosome detection.
To create a sensitive, portable, and specific tool for NSCLC biomarker screening.
To evaluate the aptasensor's performance in distinguishing NSCLC patients from healthy individuals.

Main Methods

Fabrication of a dual-modal aptasensor using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and CD63 aptamers immobilized on screen-printed gold electrodes.
Integration of Co@g-C3N4@PB nanoparticles functionalized with carboxylated CD63 aptamer for sandwich structure formation.
Utilized fluorescence microscopy for preliminary assessment and electrochemical/fluorescence analysis for quantitative detection of serum exosomes.

Main Results

The aptasensor successfully formed a sandwich structure for specific exosome recognition.
Achieved low detection limits: 66.68 particles/mL (electrochemical) and 33.5 particles/mL (fluorescence).
Effectively differentiated serum exosomes from NSCLC patients and healthy volunteers in clinical sample analysis.

Conclusions

The developed dual-modal aptasensor demonstrates high sensitivity and specificity for NSCLC-derived exosome detection.
The device's integrated electrochemical and fluorescence capabilities support both preliminary screening and quantitative analysis.
This aptasensor shows significant promise for point-of-care testing and clinical applications in NSCLC diagnostics.