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Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra01:19

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
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Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
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Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
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Preoperative ManagementThe primary goals of preoperative management in kidney transplantation are to optimize the patient’s metabolic state and prepare them for surgery through diet adjustments, necessary dialysis, and tailored medical treatment. This phase also involves comprehensive infection screening and patient education about the surgical procedure and postoperative care to improve outcomes and adherence.Medical ManagementA comprehensive evaluation is required for both the living donor...
Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography01:22

Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography

Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG) and Cystography are specialized radiographic procedures used to examine the structure and function of the bladder and urethra.Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG)A Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) is a diagnostic imaging procedure that assesses the anatomy and function of the lower urinary tract. It focuses on the bladder, bladder neck, and urethra, helping detect abnormalities such as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)—the backward or reverse flow of urine into the...
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Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination

Meaning of Cystoscopic Examination:Cystoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool in urology that is used to assess the structure and function of the genitourinary system. It provides a direct view of the urethra, bladder, and, in some cases, the ureteral openings. This procedure helps detect structural abnormalities, infections, cancers, and blockages in the urinary tract. There are two types of cystoscopy:Flexible cystoscopy is commonly performed in outpatient settings due to its less invasive...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Evaluation of Biomaterials for Bladder Augmentation using Cystometric Analyses in Various Rodent Models
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An unexpected complication after removing bladder foreign body: a case report.

Pengfeng Gong1, Jie Shen1

  • 1Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China.

Frontiers in Surgery
|August 19, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Intrauterine devices migrating to the bladder require prompt removal. This case highlights a rare complication of bladder fistula formation, necessitating surgical repair.

Keywords:
bladdercystoscopyforeign bodieslaparoscopyserious complications

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Bladder foreign bodies are common urological emergencies.
  • Surgical removal via cystoscopy or cystotomy typically has low complication rates.

Observation:

  • A 34-year-old woman presented with symptoms of frequent urination, urgency, and urodynia.
  • Computed tomography (CT) revealed an intrauterine device (IUD) near the posterior bladder wall.
  • Following IUD removal, the patient developed a bladder fistula with small intestine communication.

Findings:

  • The IUD was successfully removed using cystoscopy.
  • A subsequent enterography confirmed a fistula between the small intestine and bladder.
  • Surgical repair involved bladder repair, fistula resection, and intestinal anastomosis.

Implications:

  • Accurate pre-operative assessment of foreign body location is crucial for safe removal.
  • Post-removal vigilance for complications like organ migration and fistula formation is essential.
  • Prompt surgical intervention is required for bladder or associated organ damage.