Characterization and stability of lycopene-loaded high internal phase emulsion stabilized by ovalbumin-chitosan...

Lycopene, a carotenoid with numerous physiological benefits, particularly in its Z-isomer form, faces challenges in its application due to low chemical stability. To address this limitation, high internal phase emulsion was successfully synthesized using ovalbumin-chitosan complexes. The aim was to enhance the stability of lycopene including Z-lycopene. The solubility, particle size, ζ-potential and uniformity of the mixture were dependent on pH value and biopolymer proportion. Notably, optimal ovalbumin-chitosan complex formation occurred at pH 2.5 with a ratio of 4:1 resulting in the highest solubility and optimal uniformity which contributed to its superior emulsification properties. Evaluation of encapsulating efficiency and loading amount revealed 98.19% and 1.7661 mg/g respectively for lycopene in ovalbumin-chitosan stabilized emulsions, inhibiting the transformation from Z-lycopene to (all-E)-lycopene. The encapsulated lycopene possessed UV stability where retention rate remained high at 81.86%. The retention rate was up to 65.37% and 41.82% at 45 °C and 80 °C, respectively.