Map-Like Magnetic Resonance Imaging Changes in HIV-Positive Patient with Multiple Osteonecrosis: A Case Report

Osteonecrosis is a common complication, particularly in HIV-infected patients undergoing long-term glucocorticoid therapy. This case report aims to highlight the unique "map-like" magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) changes observed in an HIV-positive patient with multiple osteonecrosis due to glucocorticoid overdose, emphasizing the importance of recognizing and managing this complication in this high-risk population.

A 29-year-old HIV-positive male patient developed extensive multi-joint osteonecrosis involving 7 joint sites (right shoulder, bilateral hips, bilateral knees, and bilateral ankles) after 6 months of high-dose glucocorticoid treatment for an opportunistic pneumonia associated with his HIV status. The patient required prolonged glucocorticoid therapy to manage the severe lung infection. MRI revealed characteristic "map-like" changes, with the osteonecrotic areas distributed in a linear, clustered, or map-like pattern. To alleviate his condition and improve joint function, the patient underwent a customized treatment plan, including total hip replacement for the left hip, core decompression surgery for the right hip. Following surgical intervention, the patient experienced reduced joint pain and improved joint mobility.

This case underscores the potential risk of extensive multi-joint osteonecrosis in HIV-positive patients receiving long-term high-dose glucocorticoids, with the "map-like" MRI changes being a distinctive imaging feature. It emphasizes the importance of close monitoring and timely implementation of effective interventions in this high-risk population. Notably, core decompression surgery can improve local blood circulation, slow disease progression, and serve as an effective minimally invasive treatment option for early-stage osteonecrotic lesions.