Oral squamous cell carcinoma: A 26 years institutional cross-sectional study

Area of Science:

• Oral Pathology
• Oncology
• Epidemiology

Background:

• Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) exhibits global prevalence variations linked to sociocultural factors, risk factors, data collection, and healthcare development.
• Understanding these variations is crucial for targeted public health interventions and research.

Purpose of the Study:

• To conduct a comprehensive 26-year review and analysis of institutional data pertaining to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cases.
• To evaluate and analyze 26 years of institutional data for OSCC.

Main Methods:

• An observational cross-sectional study was conducted using archival data from the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Government Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur.
• Histologically diagnosed OSCC cases between 1997 and 2022 were included.
• Data were tabulated and analyzed using descriptive statistics with SPSS software.

Main Results:

• A total of 2168 OSCC cases were analyzed, with 69.6% males and 30.4% females, aged 20-91 years (mean 55.5 years).
• The highest incidence occurred in the fifth and sixth decades of life.
• The left buccal mucosa was the most frequently affected site (25.8%), and well-differentiated SCC comprised the majority of cases (64.8%).

Conclusions:

• The study provides essential baseline epidemiological data on OSCC incidence and prevalence from an institutional perspective.
• This data can aid in estimating the overall burden of OSCC and inform future research and clinical management strategies.