Nanoparticle-based immunosensors for enhanced DNA analysis in oral cancer: A systematic review

To investigate the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of nanoparticle (NP)-based immunosensors in the field of oral cancer. PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were explored for NP applications in oral cancer. Data extraction in terms and quality assessment of all the articles were done. Out of 147, 17 articles were included in this review. A majority of the studies showed improved sensitivity and specificity for saliva analysis using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on gold NPs, improving early identification. Additionally, novel therapeutic approaches, utilising NP-based immunosensors, demonstrated targeted drug delivery, coupled chemo-photothermal therapy, and gene silencing. Imaging methods have made it possible to distinguish between malignant and healthy states, such as surface-enhanced Raman scattering and optical coherence tomography. The reviews' findings highlight the transformational potential of NP-based immunosensors in addressing the difficulties associated with diagnosing and treating oral cancer. However, for an accurate interpretation and application of NP-based solutions in clinical practise, it is essential to be thoroughly aware of the intricacies involved, and the synthesised data in this review support the continued investigation and improvement of NP-based therapies in the ongoing effort to improve the management of oral cancer.