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Isolation and Identification of Waterborne Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Molecular Characterization of their Antibiotic Resistance Genes
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Selective pressures for public antibiotic resistance.

Pauline Brepoels1, Gitta De Wit1, Bram Lories1

  • 1Centre for Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

Critical Reviews in Microbiology
|August 19, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Antibiotic resistance is a growing threat. This review explores how environmental factors and treatments can be manipulated to favor susceptible bacteria, potentially reducing the spread of resistant pathogens.

Keywords:
Antimicrobial resistancePublic goodsSocial evolution

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Antibiotic-resistant pathogens pose a significant global health challenge, limiting treatment options.
  • Some resistance mechanisms provide a 'public good' effect, aiding susceptible bacteria survival.
  • This phenomenon creates an opportunity to select against antibiotic resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review findings on factors influencing selection for antibiotic resistance.
  • To describe key parameters impacting the selection against resistant bacteria.
  • To inform the development of novel treatments that mitigate resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of studies on antibiotic resistance selection.
  • Analysis of environmental and treatment parameters affecting bacterial populations.
  • Synthesis of findings on the 'public good' of resistance mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Selection for or against antibiotic resistance is highly dependent on environmental and treatment conditions.
  • Susceptible bacteria can outcompete resistant strains when resistance mechanisms incur a metabolic cost.
  • Understanding these dynamics is crucial for effective antibiotic stewardship.

Conclusions:

  • Manipulating environmental and treatment parameters can promote the selection of susceptible bacteria.
  • This approach offers a strategy to combat the rise of antibiotic resistance.
  • Further research into these selection drivers can guide the design of future therapies.