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Altered interactions between cis-regulatory elements partially resolve BLADE-ON-PETIOLE genetic redundancy in
Thi Chi Tran1, Karoline Mähl1, Christian Kappel1
1Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-Golm D-14476, Germany.
The Plant Cell
|August 19, 2024
Summary
Gene duplication allows for evolutionary innovation. In red shepherd's purse, altered interactions in the BLADE-ON-PETIOLE 1 (BOP1) gene promoter led to a loss of gene redundancy and altered floral development.
Area of Science:
- Plant evolutionary genetics
- Molecular evolution
- Developmental biology
Background:
- Gene duplication is a major source of evolutionary novelty, leading to neofunctionalization, subfunctionalization, or pseudogenization.
- Differences in gene expression patterns post-duplication are often interpreted as subfunctionalization, but their functional and molecular basis remains unclear.
- The BLADE-ON-PETIOLE (BOP) genes BOP1 and BOP2 provide a model for studying the loss of redundancy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the genetic and molecular basis for the partial loss of redundancy between BOP1 and BOP2 in Capsella rubella compared to Arabidopsis thaliana.
- To understand the functional impact of altered BOP1 expression in C. rubella.
- To identify the cis-regulatory elements and their interactions controlling BOP1 expression.
Main Methods:
- Comparative analysis of BOP1 and BOP2 in Capsella rubella and Arabidopsis thaliana.
- Transgenic rescue experiments in Arabidopsis thaliana atbop1 atbop2 double mutants.
- Deletions in the endogenous AtBOP1 promoter to assess cis-regulatory element function.
- Analysis of conserved noncoding sequences within the BOP1 promoter.
Main Results:
- BOP1 in C. rubella exhibits an altered expression pattern in the cryptic bract primordium, leading to impaired floral organ development and failure to suppress bract formation.
- Multiple BOP1 promoter regions, including conserved noncoding sequences, interact nonadditively to regulate expression in the bract primordium.
- Changes in these cis-regulatory interactions underlie the evolutionary divergence in BOP1 expression and activity between C. rubella and A. thaliana.
- Altered cis-regulatory interactions also explain divergence in BOP1's role in floral organ abscission.
Conclusions:
- Promoter architecture in plants is complex, involving intricate interactions between cis-regulatory elements.
- Changes in the interactions of cis-regulatory elements are crucial drivers of evolutionary divergence in gene expression.
- These changes contribute significantly to the loss of gene redundancy during evolution.
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