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Evaluating Literature Reviews Conducted by Humans Versus ChatGPT: Comparative Study
Mehrnaz Mostafapour1, Jacqueline H Fortier1, Karen Pacheco1
1Canadian Medical Protective Association, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
JMIR AI
|August 19, 2024
Summary
Artificial intelligence (AI) like ChatGPT-4 can quickly generate broad literature reviews, but human researchers provide more accurate and contextually relevant insights for complex topics.
Area of Science:
- Health Services Research
- Medical Informatics
- Artificial Intelligence in Research
Background:
- The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI), specifically large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT-4, has spurred interest in their application for scholarly tasks, including literature reviews.
- The comparative efficacy of AI-generated literature reviews versus traditional human-led approaches remains an area requiring further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the quality of literature reviews generated by ChatGPT-4 with those produced by human researchers.
- To focus the comparison on factors influencing physician-patient relational dynamics within medicolegal contexts.
Main Methods:
- Two literature reviews on physician-patient dynamics in medicolegal contexts were analyzed: one generated by GPT-4 using iterative prompts, and one conducted by human researchers via traditional database searches (Ovid MEDLINE) and thematic analysis.
- Comparative analysis utilized qualitative measures: accuracy, response time, consistency, knowledge breadth and depth, contextual understanding, and transparency.
Main Results:
- ChatGPT-4 rapidly generated an extensive list of relational factors, demonstrating broad knowledge but lacking depth and contextual understanding, sometimes including irrelevant or inaccurate information.
- Human researchers produced a more nuanced and contextually relevant review.
- While GPT-4 excelled in response time and breadth, human reviews were superior in accuracy, depth, and contextual relevance.
Conclusions:
- AI tools like GPT-4 can assist in preliminary literature reviews by offering rapid overviews, but require expert evaluation due to limitations in accuracy and context.
- Human expertise remains essential for comprehensive literature reviews, with AI serving as a valuable assistant rather than a replacement.
- This study highlights the complementary potential of AI's speed and human expertise's depth for enhancing academic research outputs in health services and medical fields.
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