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Obesity01:24

Obesity

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The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
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Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

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For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
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Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
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Stress often leads to unhealthy habits like smoking, excessive drinking, and overeating, which offer short-term relief but ultimately increase long-term health risks. These behaviors create a cycle that temporarily lowers stress levels but can result in severe long-term health consequences. Breaking these habits is essential to reduce the risk of chronic diseases and improve overall well-being. Three primary changes that support better health include quitting smoking, reducing alcohol intake,...
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Binge Eating Disorders

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Binge eating disorder is a significant mental health condition characterized by recurrent episodes of excessive food consumption within a short period, accompanied by a perceived loss of control over eating behavior. Unlike occasional overeating, binge eating disorder is marked by distressing emotions such as guilt, shame, and anxiety following binge episodes. The disorder affects individuals across different ages and backgrounds, with profound implications for physical and psychological...
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Hypodermis01:02

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The hypodermis (the subcutaneous layer or superficial fascia) is present directly below the dermis. It connects the skin to the underlying fascia (fibrous tissue) of the bones and muscles. It is not strictly a part of the skin, although the border between the hypodermis and dermis can be difficult to distinguish. The hypodermis consists of well-vascularized, loose, areolar connective tissue and adipose tissue, which functions as a mode of fat storage and provides insulation and cushioning for...
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Obesity in adults.

Ildiko Lingvay1, Ricardo V Cohen2, Carel W le Roux3

  • 1Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Peter O'Donnel Jr School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.

Lancet (London, England)
|August 19, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Obesity is a growing global epidemic. While lifestyle changes help some, bariatric surgery and new medications offer more effective, durable weight management and health benefits, though treatments remain underutilized.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Public Health
  • Surgical Innovation

Background:

  • Obesity is a worldwide epidemic with increasing prevalence.
  • Population-level interventions have failed to curb obesity rates.
  • Obesity is a complex, chronic disease impacting health, quality of life, and mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current landscape of obesity management.
  • To highlight the effectiveness of bariatric surgery and emerging pharmacological agents.
  • To underscore the underutilization of available obesity treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of obesity management strategies.
  • Analysis of treatment efficacy for lifestyle interventions, bariatric surgery, and pharmacological agents.
  • Examination of health outcomes associated with obesity and its treatments.

Main Results:

  • Lifestyle interventions yield durable responses in a minority of individuals.
  • Bariatric surgery is the most effective and durable treatment, offering benefits beyond weight loss.
  • New pharmacological agents show weight loss efficacy comparable to surgery, with accumulating outcome data.

Conclusions:

  • Obesity management requires multifaceted approaches.
  • Bariatric surgery and advanced pharmacological treatments are crucial for effective, long-term weight control.
  • Significant underutilization of all obesity treatments necessitates improved access and patient engagement.