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Biological Effects of Radiation

Biological Effects of Radiation

All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2025

Irradiator Commissioning and Dosimetry for Assessment of LQ α and β Parameters, Radiation Dosing Schema, and in vivo Dose Deposition

Irradiator Commissioning and Dosimetry for Assessment of LQ α and β Parameters, Radiation Dosing Schema, and in vivo Dose Deposition

Published on: March 11, 2021

Modelling radiobiology.

Lydia L Gardner¹, Shannon J Thompson¹, John D O'Connor^1,2

¹Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AE, United Kingdom.

Physics in Medicine and Biology

|August 19, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Mathematical modeling of radiotherapy, a key cancer treatment, faces challenges due to complex, multi-scale biological and physical interactions. Ongoing research aims to improve understanding from DNA damage to patient outcomes.

Keywords:

DNA repair Monte Carlo cell death modelling radiobiology

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Last Updated: Jun 16, 2025

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Area of Science:

Physics and Biology
Cancer Research
Mathematical Modeling

Background:

Radiotherapy is a cornerstone of cancer treatment with a long history.
Quantitative mathematical modeling has been extensively applied to radiotherapy.
A comprehensive understanding of radiotherapy mechanisms remains incomplete due to scale complexities.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the current status of modeling radiotherapy responses across different scales.
To highlight ongoing research in understanding radiotherapy mechanisms.
To discuss challenges and future directions in radiotherapy modeling.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on radiotherapy modeling.
Analysis of multi-scale modeling approaches from physical to patient levels.
Integration of physical interactions, biological responses, and patient-level determinants.

Main Results:

Radiotherapy modeling spans from nanometer-scale physical interactions to long-term patient responses.
Key areas include DNA damage mechanisms, immediate biological reactions, and genetic/patient factors.
Significant challenges exist in bridging these scales for a complete understanding.

Conclusions:

Modeling radiotherapy across scales is crucial for advancing cancer treatment.
Future improvements require addressing the complexity of biological systems and patient variability.
Continued research in multi-scale modeling holds promise for optimizing radiotherapy efficacy.