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Multicompartment imaging of the brain using a comprehensive MR imaging protocol.

James Lo1, Kevin Du2, David Lee2

  • 1Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.

Neuroimage
|August 19, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a 3D MRI protocol to map brain components like macromolecules and water. The technique shows promise for assessing neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS).

Keywords:
BrainConesMT modelingMulticompartmentMyelin content

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Biophysics
  • Medical Physics

Background:

  • Accurate quantification of brain tissue and fluid components is crucial for understanding neurological disorders.
  • Existing MRI techniques have limitations in simultaneously assessing multiple tissue and fluid parameters.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a comprehensive 3D magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol for volumetric mapping of major brain components.
  • To assess the protocol's repeatability and its ability to detect changes in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients.

Main Methods:

  • A 3D MRI protocol integrating four sequences: MT-Cones, STAIR-Cones, PDw-Cones, and T2w-Cones.
  • Quantification of macromolecular content, myelin water, intra/extracellular water, and free water using specific modeling and imaging techniques.
  • Application of the protocol in healthy volunteers and MS patients using a 3T clinical scanner.

Main Results:

  • The protocol successfully mapped brain macromolecular proton fraction (MMPF), myelin water proton fraction (MWPF), intra/extracellular water proton fraction (IEWPF), and free water proton fraction (FWPF).
  • High repeatability was confirmed with excellent intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) values.
  • MS patients showed significantly lower MMPF and MWPF, and higher FWPF in lesions and normal-appearing white matter compared to healthy controls.

Conclusions:

  • The developed 3D MRI protocol enables comprehensive volumetric mapping of key brain tissue and fluid components.
  • This technique offers potential for detailed assessment of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases, such as MS.
  • The findings highlight the protocol's utility in differentiating pathological changes in MS.