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Related Concept Videos

Appendicitis-I: Introduction01:22

Appendicitis-I: Introduction

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The appendix, a small, narrow, blind tube extending from the inferior part of the cecum, is widely regarded as a vestigial organ, having lost much of its original function through evolution. Despite its diminished role, the appendix can become inflamed, a condition known as appendicitis.
Etiology: Appendicitis can arise from various causes, primarily rooted in the obstruction of the appendix lumen. Factors contributing to this obstruction include fecal accumulation, lymphoid hyperplasia and, in...
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Diagnosing and managing appendicitis requires a structured and comprehensive approach that spans from initial assessment to postoperative care. Here is an overview of the process:
Diagnosing Appendicitis
It requires a multifaceted approach, starting with a detailed physical examination to pinpoint the location and nature of the pain and identify any associated symptoms. Laboratory tests play a crucial role. A complete Blood Count (CBC) typically reveals leukocytosis (an increased number of...
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Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
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Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
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Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:30

Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

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Acute pancreatitis presents a complex medical emergency characterized by rapid onset inflammation of the pancreas, demanding timely diagnosis and management to prevent complications. The condition primarily manifests through severe upper abdominal pain that often radiates to the back. This pain intensifies following the consumption of fatty foods. Accompanying symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention, fever, dyspnea, cyanosis, and jaundice can vary in intensity but significantly...
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  11. Appendicolith Classification: Physical And Chemical Properties Of Appendicoliths In Patients With Ct Diagnosed Acute Appendicitis - A Prospective Cohort Study

Appendicolith classification: physical and chemical properties of appendicoliths in patients with CT diagnosed acute appendicitis - a prospective cohort study

Sanja Vanhatalo1,2, Ermei Mäkilä3, Antti J Hakanen1,4

  • 1Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.

BMJ Open Gastroenterology
|August 19, 2024

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View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study updated appendicolith classification, finding hardness and size did not correlate with appendicitis severity. Further research using this classification is needed to understand appendicolith characteristics.

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Radiology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Appendicoliths are linked to complex appendicitis and treatment failure.
  • Existing appendicolith classification is outdated (1966).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To update the appendicolith classification system.
  • To assess appendicolith characteristics' association with appendicitis severity.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study of patients with CT-diagnosed appendicitis and appendicoliths.
  • Morphological, micro-CT, and micro-X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy analysis of harvested appendicoliths.
  • Classification of appendicoliths by hardness (3 classes) and correlation with clinical outcomes.

Main Results:

  • 41 appendicoliths were classified into three hardness classes.
Keywords:
ABDOMINAL SURGERYAPPENDICITISGASTROINTESTINAL PATHOLOGY

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  • Hardness (class 3) and layered structures were noted in some appendicoliths.
  • Appendicolith hardness, size, or weight did not correlate with appendicitis severity (gangrene, perforation, abscess).

    • Conclusions:

    • An updated classification of CT-visible appendicoliths into three classes based on physical/chemical traits is confirmed.
    • This systematic classification can enhance understanding of appendicolith aetiopathology.
    • More data is needed on clinical and aetiopathological characteristics.