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Association between systemic immune-inflammation index and cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome
Chenxuan Gao1, Shizhen Gao1, Renpei Zhao1
1Department of Cardiology, The Second People's Hospital of Baoshan, No.13, Zhengyang (S) Rd., Longyang Dist., Baoshan, Yunnan, China.
Insights
The Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) is linked to a higher risk of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) Syndrome and its components. Elevated SII levels show a dose-response relationship and non-linear effects with CKM Syndrome development.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular research
- Nephrology
- Metabolic syndrome research
Background:
- Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) Syndrome is a complex condition involving cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, and metabolic dysfunction.
- The Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII), derived from routine blood counts, is emerging as a potential marker of systemic inflammation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between the Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) and the prevalence of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) Syndrome.
- To explore the relationship between SII and individual components of CKM Syndrome, including cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS) and chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Main Methods:
- Analysis of data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning 2001-2018.
- Weighted logistic regression models were employed to assess associations between SII and CKM Syndrome.
- Restricted cubic splines and piecewise linear regression were used to identify non-linear relationships and threshold effects.
Main Results:
- Elevated SII levels were consistently associated with an increased likelihood of CKM Syndrome and its components.
- A 1000-unit increase in SII correlated with a 1.48-fold increased odds of CKM Syndrome (95% CI 1.20-1.81).
- Dose-response and non-linear relationships were observed for several CKM components, with threshold effects identified.
Conclusions:
- The Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) is a significant positive correlate of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) Syndrome risk.
- Evidence suggests non-linear associations and threshold effects between SII and specific CKM components, highlighting its clinical relevance.
Abstract:
This study aims to explore the relationship between the Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) and Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) Syndrome and its components. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2001 to 2018 were analyzed. CKM Syndrome is defined as the coexistence of Cardiometabolic Syndrome (CMS) and Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). The SII is calculated using the formula: SII = (Platelet count × Neutrophil count)/Lymphocyte count. Weighted logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between SII and CKM, as well as its specific components. Restricted cubic splines explored non-linear relationships, and piecewise linear regression models assessed threshold effects. A consistent positive correlation was observed between elevated SII levels and the likelihood of CKM and its related diseases. In the fully adjusted Model 3, an increase of 1000 units in SII was associated with a 1.48-fold increase in the odds of CKM (95% CI 1.20-1.81, p < 0.001). Quartile analysis revealed a dose-response relationship, with the highest quartile of SII (Q4) showing the strongest association with CKM and its components. Nonlinear analyses revealed inflection points for waist circumference, triglycerides, low HDL-C, and cardiometabolic syndrome at specific SII levels, indicating a change in the direction or strength of associations beyond these points. Conversely, a linear relationship was observed between SII and chronic kidney disease. The SII is positively correlated with the risk of CKM Syndrome and its individual components, with evidence of non-linear relationships and threshold effects for some components.
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