SGLT2 inhibitors: how do they affect the cardiac cells.
Betul Rabia Erdogan1, Ebru Arioglu-Inan2
1Turkish Medicines and Medical Devices Agency, Ankara, Turkey.
Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry
|August 19, 2024
Summary
Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2Is) initially for diabetes, now treat heart failure and kidney disease. These drugs offer cardiac benefits by reducing fibrosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress in heart cells.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Nephrology
- Endocrinology
Background:
- Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2Is) were first approved for type 2 diabetes.
- SGLT2Is promote glucose excretion via the kidneys, distinct from insulin-based therapies.
- Their therapeutic applications have expanded beyond diabetes to heart failure and chronic kidney disease.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the diverse effects of SGLT2Is on cardiac cells.
- To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the beneficial cardiac effects of SGLT2Is.
Main Methods:
- Review of preclinical and clinical studies on SGLT2 inhibitors.
- Analysis of proposed mechanisms for SGLT2Is' cardiovascular benefits.
Main Results:
- SGLT2Is demonstrate protective effects on cardiac cells.
- Mechanisms include inhibition of fibrosis, hypertrophy, apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress.
- SGLT2Is regulate mitochondrial function, ion transport, and stimulate autophagy.
Conclusions:
- SGLT2Is are now recognized for their significant role in managing heart failure and chronic kidney disease, irrespective of diabetes status.
- The cardioprotective effects of SGLT2Is are mediated by multiple cellular and molecular pathways.
- Further understanding of these mechanisms can optimize SGLT2I therapy for cardiovascular conditions.
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