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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

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Chaos-Assisted Production of Micro-Architected Spheres (CAPAS).

Carlos Fernando Ceballos-González1,2,3, Edna Johana Bolívar-Monsalve1,2,3, Silvana Velásquez-Marín1

  • 1Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, NL, 64849, México.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|August 20, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Chaos-assisted production of architected spheres (CAPAS) enables rapid, high-throughput generation of multilayered hydrogel spheres for tissue engineering. This versatile method maintains high cell viability, creating complex micro-niches for drug testing.

Keywords:
chaotic advectionchaotic bioprintingdrippingstatic mixerstructured droplet

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Biofabrication
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Hydrogel droplets with internal compartments are crucial for applications like tissue engineering.
  • Existing methods for creating such structures can be slow and lack scalability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel droplet-based biofabrication method for producing architected spheres (CAPAS).
  • To achieve high-throughput, rapid generation of multilayered hydrogel spheres with controlled inner compartments.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized chaotic advection generated by a Kenics static mixer (KSM) nozzle for droplet formation.
  • Controlled sphere size via flow rate, nozzle diameter, polymer concentration (sodium alginate, GelMA), and crosslinking bath.
  • Demonstrated operation in both dripping and jetting modes, preserving multilayered architecture.

Main Results:

  • Successfully fabricated multilayered hydrogel spheres (0.6–3.5 mm diameter) at high rates (up to 2000/min).
  • Achieved over 80% cell viability for breast cancer, fibroblast, and myoblast cell lines immediately post-fabrication and after extended culture.
  • Created a breast cancer model with distinct micro-niches for drug efficacy testing.

Conclusions:

  • CAPAS is a versatile and efficient method for fabricating complex hydrogel spheres.
  • The technology supports high-throughput production for diverse applications in tissue engineering, chemical engineering, and material sciences.
  • Demonstrated potential for creating in vitro models for drug screening and disease modeling.