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The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma

An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma

Published on: April 17, 2013

Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Unique Case Report.

Sumithra A¹, Lakshmi Priya Asokan¹, Vallal Kani¹

¹Department of Pathology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND.

|August 20, 2024

Summary

Medullary thyroid carcinoma, a rare neuroendocrine tumor, can be inherited or sporadic. This case highlights the importance of prompt diagnosis and treatment for favorable outcomes in patients with this condition.

Keywords:

calcitonin endocrine fine needle aspiration cytology medullary thyroid cancer thyroid carcinoma

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Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Oncology
Pathology

Background:

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare neuroendocrine tumor originating from thyroid parafollicular C-cells.
MTC can occur sporadically or as part of inherited syndromes like familial medullary thyroid cancer (FMTC) and multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN 2).

Observation:

A unique case of MTC is presented in a 50-year-old male with a presenting neck mass.
Diagnosis was confirmed via Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) and subsequent histopathological examination of the thyroid.

Findings:

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and calcitonin are identified as crucial serum markers for MTC diagnosis and monitoring.
The case underscores the diagnostic utility of FNAC and histopathology in MTC.

Implications:

Early and accurate diagnosis of MTC is critical for effective patient management.
Prompt identification and treatment are essential for improving survival outcomes in medullary thyroid carcinoma patients.