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Related Concept Videos

Electron Transport Chains01:28

Electron Transport Chains

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The final stage of cellular respiration is oxidative phosphorylation that consists of two steps: the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. The electron transport chain is a set of proteins found in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic cells. Its primary function is to establish a proton gradient that can be used during chemiosmosis to produce ATP and generate electron carriers, such as NAD+ and FAD, that are used in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
The ETC is comprised of...
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Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV01:43

Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV

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During the electron transport chain, electrons from NADH and FADH2 are first transferred to complexes I and II, respectively. These two complexes then transfer the electrons to ubiquinol, which carries them further to complex III. Complex III passes the electrons across the intermembrane space to Cyt c, which carries them further to complex IV. Complex IV donates electrons to oxygen and reduces it to water. As electrons pass through complexes I, III, and IV, the energy released aids the pumping...
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Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

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The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
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The Electron Transport Chain01:30

The Electron Transport Chain

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The electron transport chain or oxidative phosphorylation is an exothermic process in which free energy released during electron transfer reactions is coupled to ATP synthesis. This process is a significant source of energy in aerobic cells, and therefore inhibitors of the electron transport chain can be detrimental to the cell's metabolic processes.
Inhibitors of the electron transport chain
Rotenone, a widely used pesticide, prevents electron transfer from Fe-S cluster to ubiquinone or Q...
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The Supercomplexes in the Crista Membrane01:41

The Supercomplexes in the Crista Membrane

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The mitochondrial cristae membrane is the primary site for the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) process of energy conversion mediated through respiratory complexes I to V. These complexes have been widely studied for decades, and it has been proven that they form supramolecular structures called respiratory supercomplexes (SC). These higher-order complexes may be crucial in maintaining the biochemical structure and improving the physiological activity of the individual complexes while...
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Energy to Drive Translocation01:37

Energy to Drive Translocation

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Mitochondrial protein import is powered by two distinct energy sources: ATP hydrolysis and electrochemical potential across the inner membrane. Newly synthesized precursors are bound by cytosolic chaperones of the Hsp70 family, which guide them to the import receptors on the mitochondrial surface. Utilizing the energy of ATP hydrolysis, Hsp70 chaperones transfer these precursors to the TOM receptors on the mitochondrial outer membrane.
Generally, polypeptides are unfolded by two distinct...
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A Standard and Reliable Method to Fabricate Two-Dimensional Nanoelectronics
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Electron Transport over 2D Molecular Materials and Assemblies.

Shu Seki1, Rajendra Prasad Paitandi1, Wookjin Choi1

  • 1Department of Molecular Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.

Accounts of Chemical Research
|August 20, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Two-dimensional (2D) molecular materials offer tunable electronic properties for devices. Optimizing charge carrier mobility through molecular engineering and understanding intermolecular interactions are key to advancing 2D electronic systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Organic Electronics

Background:

  • Two-dimensional (2D) molecular materials are crucial functional materials due to their unique electronic properties.
  • These materials exhibit tunable electronic density of states (DOS), electron mass, mobility, and conductivity.
  • Their planar structure is compatible with existing electronic devices like transistors and memory.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the assessment of electron mobility in 2D electronic systems.
  • To discuss electronic transport in various 2D materials, focusing on molecular design and doping.
  • To highlight the role of molecular engineering in optimizing charge carrier mobility and device performance.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized noncontact time-resolved microwave conductivity (TRMC) measurements for mobility assessment.
  • Analyzed electronic transport in 2D materials including graphenes, covalent organic frameworks (COFs), and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs).
  • Investigated molecular engineering strategies, such as varying donor-acceptor conjugation and torsional angles in β-ketoenamine-linked COFs.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated superior charge transport in β-ketoenamine-linked COF films compared to imine-linked COFs, with dominant in-plane mobility.
  • Showcased systematic modulation of charge carrier generation and transport efficiency through molecular engineering of COF building blocks.
  • Identified a strong correlation between mobility dispersion, intermolecular interactions, and molecular spatial arrangements, suggesting a singularity point at ~0.3 nm intermolecular distance.

Conclusions:

  • Intermolecular electronic coupling is crucial for charge transport, introducing a new concept of electronic conjugation.
  • 2D spatial arrangements of chiral molecules exhibit exceptional electronic coupling and high charge carrier mobility.
  • 2D electronic systems show potential for violating Wallach's rule concerning the density of states in molecular condensates.