The anti-tumor effects of cosmosiin through regulating AhR/CYP1A1-PPARγ in breast cancer

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Pharmacology
• Natural Products

Background:

• Breast cancer presents a significant global health challenge with high mortality rates.
• Existing therapies are limited by efficacy and safety, necessitating novel drug development.
• Cosmosiin, a natural glycoside, exhibits anti-tumor properties in other cancers but its role in breast cancer is unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the anti-breast cancer effects of cosmosiin.
• To elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of cosmosiin's action against breast cancer.
• To explore cosmosiin as a potential therapeutic agent for breast cancer.

Main Methods:

• In vitro and in vivo breast cancer models were utilized.
• The study examined cosmosiin's impact on cancer cell proliferation, migration, and adhesion.
• Mechanistic investigations involved assessing the binding of cosmosiin to Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and its downstream signaling pathways.

Main Results:

• Cosmosiin demonstrated significant inhibition of breast cancer cell proliferation, migration, and adhesion in vitro.
• In vivo studies showed that cosmosiin suppressed tumor growth.
• The anti-cancer effects were mediated by cosmosiin binding to and inhibiting AhR, subsequently regulating CYP1A1/AMPK/mTOR and PPARγ/Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways.

Conclusions:

• Cosmosiin exhibits potent anti-breast cancer activity through AhR inhibition.
• Targeting AhR with cosmosiin offers a novel therapeutic strategy for breast cancer.
• These findings provide a new research direction for developing effective anti-breast cancer drugs.