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Related Concept Videos

Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

339
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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High-gamma modulation language mapping and cognitive outcomes after epilepsy surgery.

Brian Ervin1, Christina Kargol1, Anna W Byars1,2

  • 1Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.

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|August 20, 2024
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Summary

Lesioning language sites identified by high-gamma power modulations (HGM) during visual naming tasks, even if language-negative on electrical stimulation mapping (ESM), significantly impairs cognitive functions like working memory and verbal learning. These findings highlight the importance of HGM mapping for predicting postsurgical cognitive deficits.

Keywords:
electrical stimulation mappingepilepsy surgeryfunctional brain mappingstereo‐EEG

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Epilepsy Research

Background:

  • Standard electrical stimulation mapping (ESM) may not identify all functionally relevant language sites.
  • High-gamma power modulations (HGM) during tasks may reveal additional language-related cortical areas.
  • Understanding the cognitive impact of lesioning these HGM sites is crucial for surgical planning in epilepsy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate cognitive domain changes after neurosurgical lesioning of cortical sites with HGM during visual naming.
  • To determine if lesioning language-negative HGM sites impacts cognitive function.
  • To correlate lesioning of HGM sites with specific cognitive deficits.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of drug-resistant epilepsy patients undergoing SEEG.
  • Computation of reliable change indices (RCIs) from pre- and post-surgical neuropsychological assessments.
  • Modeling RCIs based on lesioning HGM language sites, number of sites, and HGM magnitude, adjusted for seizure freedom and lesion volume.

Main Results:

  • Lesioning even one HGM language site significantly lowered scores in vocabulary, working memory, and verbal learning immediate.
  • Increased number of lesioned HGM sites correlated with greater declines in vocabulary, working memory, verbal learning, and letter-word identification.
  • No cognitive domains improved post-lesioning; significant negative impacts were observed on working memory, story memory, verbal learning recognition, letter-word identification, spelling, and passage comprehension.

Conclusions:

  • High-gamma power modulation (HGM) language mapping is a valuable adjunct to ESM for identifying functionally relevant sites.
  • Lesioning HGM sites, even if ESM-negative, can lead to significant postsurgical cognitive deficits.
  • HGM mapping can improve patient counseling regarding potential cognitive outcomes after epilepsy surgery.