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SQUIRE-SIM (Standards for Quality Improvement Reporting Excellence for SIMulation): Publication Guidelines for
Kimberly P Stone1, Lori Rutman, Aaron W Calhoun
1From the Division of Emergency Medicine (K.P.S., L.R., J.R., A.T.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA; Department of Pediatrics (A.W.C.), University of Louisville School of Medicine and Norton Children's Medical Group, Louisville, KY; Division of Critical Care Medicine (T.M.), Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women's Health, NYC Health & Hospitals/Jacobi/NCB, New York, NY; Albert Einstein College of Medicine (K.B.), Bronx, NY; Departments of Pediatric and Emergency Medicine (M.A.A.), Yale University, New Haven, CT; Department of Pediatrics (A.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta Children's Hospital, Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery (L.D.), Geisel School of Medicine and The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Lebanon, NH; Participation while employed by Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (E.D.), Philadelphia, PA; Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine (I.H.-G.), Department of Pediatrics, Albany Medical College, Bernard & Millie Duker Children's Hospital, Albany, NY; Department of Emergency Medicine (D.O.K.), Columbia University Vagelos College of Physician and Surgeons, New York, NY; University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago (G.O.), Chicago, IL; Department of Emergency Medicine (M.P.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainsville, FL; and Division of Emergency Medicine (C.D.), Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine/Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX.
Introduction:
With increased incorporation of simulation-based methodologies into quality improvement activities, standards for reporting on simulation-specific elements in healthcare improvement research are needed.
Methods:
We followed established consensus process methodology to iteratively create simulation-based extensions for SQUIRE 2.0 reporting guidelines. Initial steps involved forming a steering committee, defining the scope, and conducting premeeting activities with an expert panel of simulation and quality improvement researchers. Recommendations from the expert panel were brought to a consensus meeting where existing guidelines were reviewed and recommendations made. Steering Committee members reviewed all recommendations, reconciled differences, and made final recommendations, which were piloted by experienced simulation and quality improvement researchers.
Results:
Fifteen Steering Committee members, 59 experts in simulation and quality improvement research, and 86 consensus meeting attendees reviewed SQUIRE 2.0 reporting guidelines and ultimately recommended simulation-based reporting guidelines for 22 of the 41 (54%) SQUIRE 2.0 guidelines. Those items for which simulation-based extensions were identified were: Notes to Authors, 1 (Title), 2a (Abstract), 2b (Abstract), 4 (Introduction: Available knowledge), 5 (Introduction: Rationale), 7 and 8a & b (Methods: Context and intervention), 9a (Methods - Study of the intervention), 9b (Methods - Study of the intervention), 10a (Methods - Measures), 10b (Methods-Measures), 10c (Methods-Measures), 11b (Methods- Analysis), 12 (Methods - Ethical considerations), 13a (Results), 13e (Results), 14b (Discussion - Summary), 15a-e (Discussion - Interpretation), 16a (Discussion - Limitations), 16b (Discussion - Limitations), 17c (Discussion - Conclusions), and 17d (Discussion - Conclusions).
Conclusions:
We created simulation-based extensions to SQUIRE 2.0 reporting guidelines to improve the quality and standardization of reporting on simulation-specific elements of healthcare improvement research.
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