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Development of Blood Vessels01:07

Development of Blood Vessels

The development of the vascular system in a fetus is a complex and intricate process that begins as early as 15 to 16 days post-conception. This process starts outside the embryo, specifically in the mesoderm of the yolk sac, chorion, and connecting stalk. Approximately two days later, the formation of blood vessels occurs within the embryo itself.
The initial formation of this system is facilitated by the small amount of yolk present in the ovum and yolk sac. Blood vessels originate from...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Capillary Force Lithography for Cardiac Tissue Engineering
10:09

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Published on: June 10, 2014

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Programmable 2D materials through shape-controlled capillary forces.

Jack L Eatson1, Scott O Morgan1, Tommy S Horozov2

  • 1Department of Physics and Astrophysics, George William Gray Centre for Advanced Materials, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|August 20, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers program colloidal particle self-assembly using particle shape alone. This method precisely controls interactions to design and create diverse two-dimensional (2D) materials with tailored properties.

Keywords:
colloidsinterfacesparticle simulationsself-assembly

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Self-assembly is a key method for fabricating functional materials.
  • Controlling particle interactions is crucial for designing materials.
  • Colloidal particles at liquid interfaces offer tunable interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate programming of self-assembly using particle shape.
  • To create diverse two-dimensional (2D) materials via controlled interactions.
  • To enable materials design by controlling building block geometry.

Main Methods:

  • Exploiting capillary interactions between polygonal colloidal plates at liquid interfaces.
  • Utilizing particle shape (in-plane geometry and edge undulations) to program interactions.
  • Employing minimum energy calculations and Monte Carlo simulations.

Main Results:

  • Polygonal plates with specific shapes and edge undulations enable precise control over interactions.
  • A variety of 2D structures, including hexagonal close-packed, honeycomb, Kagome, and quasicrystal lattices, were successfully predicted.
  • Demonstrated independent control over short-range and long-range capillary interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Particle shape alone can fully program self-assembly for materials design.
  • This colloidal system provides a versatile platform for creating designer 2D materials.
  • The facile fabrication of required particle shapes facilitates a complete materials design process.