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Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
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E. C. Tolman emphasized the purposiveness of behavior — the idea that much of our behavior is goal-directed. For instance, employees who aim for a promotion work diligently to meet their targets. Tolman argued that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, the organism acquires certain expectations. In classical conditioning, a child might fear a dog because they expect it to bite. In operant conditioning, a person might consistently work overtime because they expect a...
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Intentional, inclusive, and interconnected: Looking forward with the leadership learning framework.

Ana C Maia1, Brittany Devies2

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Summary

This study explores leadership learning, focusing on culturally relevant foundations, learning processes, and the theory-to-practice-to-theory approach. It aims to advance the leadership learning framework for better model development and future research.

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Area of Science:

  • Education
  • Leadership Studies
  • Social Justice

Background:

  • Leadership learning is crucial for organizational effectiveness.
  • Existing frameworks may not fully address cultural relevance and social justice.
  • Understanding leadership socialization is key to development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore emergent themes in leadership learning.
  • To examine culturally relevant and socially just leadership foundations.
  • To investigate the theory-to-practice-to-theory approach for model enhancement.

Main Methods:

  • Thematic analysis of articles within a special issue.
  • Synthesis of research on leadership learning and socialization.
  • Conceptual exploration of a leadership learning framework.

Main Results:

  • Identified four key themes: culturally relevant foundations, learning processes, interconnectedness, and theory-to-practice-to-theory.
  • Highlighted the importance of intentional and unintentional leadership learning.
  • Emphasized the interconnectedness of framework components.

Conclusions:

  • The leadership learning framework requires critical advancement.
  • Future research should address questions posed for each framework aspect.
  • Integrating theory-to-practice-to-theory enhances model development.