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Poor compliance and exemptions facilitate ongoing deforestation.

Hannah Thomas1,2, Michelle S Ward1,2,3,4, Jeremy S Simmonds1,2,5

  • 1School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

Conservation Biology : the Journal of the Society for Conservation Biology
|August 20, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Many nations struggle with deforestation despite environmental laws. A new framework reveals 65% of deforestation in Australia was potentially noncompliant, highlighting policy gaps in meeting international commitments.

Keywords:
Australiaagriculturaagriculturebosquesenvironmental policyespecies amenazadasforestspolítica ambientalthreatened specieswoodlandszonas boscosas

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Law
  • Conservation Science
  • Policy Analysis

Background:

  • Nations face challenges in reducing deforestation, impacting biodiversity and climate goals.
  • Existing environmental protection laws and international agreements often fall short in practice.
  • Northern Australia serves as a case study for deforestation within a legally complex landscape.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and apply a novel framework for quantifying deforestation compliance under national and subnational laws.
  • To assess the extent to which contemporary deforestation aligns with legal requirements.
  • To identify policy pathways for aligning national laws with international environmental commitments.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a framework to categorize deforestation compliance levels (fully compliant, partially compliant, potentially noncompliant, outside scope).
  • Applied the framework to deforestation events in northern Australia.
  • Analyzed the interplay between national and subnational legislation and clearing approvals/exemptions.

Main Results:

  • All analyzed deforestation was hypothetically covered by at least one law.
  • 65% of deforestation was potentially noncompliant with at least one law.
  • Only 19% of clearing events were explicitly approved; the remainder were permitted via exemptions, often under subnational law.

Conclusions:

  • Despite mature legal frameworks, significant deforestation remains noncompliant or relies on exemptions.
  • A substantial gap exists between national environmental laws and international commitments to curb deforestation.
  • The developed framework can guide policy reforms to enhance legal alignment with conservation goals.