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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR01:59

CRISPR

50.0K
Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
50.0K
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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RNA Editing02:23

RNA Editing

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RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
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What is Genetic Engineering?00:49

What is Genetic Engineering?

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Overview
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CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

CRISPR and crRNAs

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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
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Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

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Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2025

CRISPR Epigenome Editing in Human Cells using Plasmid DNA Transfection and mRNA Nucleofection Delivery
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CRISPR Epigenome Editing in Human Cells using Plasmid DNA Transfection and mRNA Nucleofection Delivery

Published on: May 30, 2025

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Rapidly evolving genome and epigenome editing technologies.

Ngoc Tung Tran1, Renzhi Han1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.

Molecular Therapy : the Journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy
|August 20, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genome editing technologies like CRISPR-Cas9 are advancing rapidly. Newer methods such as base and prime editing offer precise DNA modifications without double-strand breaks, revolutionizing biomedical research and therapies.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Early genome editing tools like zinc-finger nucleases, TALENs, and CRISPR-Cas9 generate double-strand breaks (DSBs) for genetic modification.
  • Recent advancements include base editing for precise nucleobase conversion and prime editing for versatile edits without DSBs or donor DNA.

Discussion:

  • The evolution from DSB-generating methods to DSB-free editing signifies a major leap in precision and safety.
  • These technologies expand the toolkit for targeted genetic manipulation in various biological systems.

Key Insights:

  • Base editing and prime editing represent significant improvements over earlier genome editing technologies.
  • The ability to perform precise edits without inducing DSBs opens new avenues for therapeutic applications.

Outlook:

  • Further development of genome editing technologies promises to accelerate biomedical research.
  • These advanced tools hold great potential for developing novel therapies for genetic diseases.