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Related Concept Videos

Design Example: Analyzing Capacity Contours for Flood Risk Assessment01:17

Design Example: Analyzing Capacity Contours for Flood Risk Assessment

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Flood risk assessment involves careful planning and analysis to ensure the safety of communities near water retention structures. Capacity contours are a vital tool in this process, as they illustrate the potential spread of water at specific levels in a given area. In the context of building a bund across a small valley, these contours play a critical role in evaluating the safety of nearby residential areas.In this example, the bund is intended to store stormwater in the valley. The engineers...
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Design Example: Creating a Hydraulic Model of a Dam Spillway01:21

Design Example: Creating a Hydraulic Model of a Dam Spillway

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Scaled hydraulic models of dam spillways provide a practical way to replicate and study the intricate flow dynamics of these structures. Often built to a 1:15 ratio, these models allow for observing critical water behavior, such as velocity distribution, flow patterns, and energy dissipation.
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Applications of GIS: Disaster Management and Emergency Response01:29

Applications of GIS: Disaster Management and Emergency Response

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Geographic Information System (GIS) technology is essential for risk identification, action prioritization, and resource optimization in critical situations like flooding and earthquakes. By integrating spatial and demographic data, GIS provides a comprehensive framework for emergency response.GIS integrates data layers, like rainfall intensity, topography, elevation profiles, and river levels, to model high-risk flood zones. These layers assess areas susceptible to flooding based on their...
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Conservation of Mass in Moving, Nondeforming Control Volume01:14

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Stormwater detention basins are essential in managing runoff during heavy rainfall, particularly in urban areas where impervious surfaces increase the risk of flooding. Understanding the conservation of mass in these systems allows engineers to optimize basin performance, balancing inflow, outflow, and water storage.
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Design Example: Maintaining Level of an Embankment01:19

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Constructing a roadway embankment over uneven terrain requires precise leveling to ensure stability and proper drainage. Surveyors use a leveling instrument and staff to calculate ground elevations and determine the required fill material at each point along the embankment alignment.The process begins by positioning a leveling instrument near a benchmark with a known elevation. A backsight reading establishes the instrument height, which serves as a reference for subsequent measurements. A...
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Rapidly Varying Flow01:24

Rapidly Varying Flow

56
Rapidly varying flow (RVF) in open channels is characterized by abrupt changes in flow depth over a short distance, with the rate of depth change relative to distance often approaching unity. These flows are inherently complex due to their transient and multi-dimensional nature, making exact analysis difficult. However, approximate solutions using simplified models provide valuable insights into their behavior.Key Features of Rapidly Varying FlowRVF is commonly observed in scenarios involving...
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Updated: Jun 16, 2025

Modifying the Bank Erosion Hazard Index BEHI Protocol for Rapid Assessment of Streambank Erosion in Northeastern Ohio
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Assessing flash flood erosion following storm Daniel in Libya.

Jonathan C L Normand1,2, Essam Heggy3,4

  • 1University of Southern California, Viterbi School of Engineering, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.

Nature Communications
|August 20, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Storm Daniel caused devastating flash floods in Libya, increasing erosion and sediment load. This exacerbated urban damage in coastal cities, highlighting the need for better coastal management in arid regions facing climate extremes.

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Area of Science:

  • Earth and Environmental Sciences
  • Hydrology
  • Remote Sensing

Background:

  • The eastern Mediterranean basin faces increasing storm activity and coastal flooding.
  • Historically less prone coastal areas are now vulnerable to extreme weather events.
  • Storm Daniel in Libya caused unprecedented flash floods, leading to significant loss of life and infrastructure damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze flash flood erosion and sediment dynamics in watersheds using remote sensing.
  • To map urban damages in coastal cities affected by Storm Daniel.
  • To assess the vulnerability of arid coastal watersheds to hydroclimatic extremes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Sentinel-1A C-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery.
  • Characterized surface erosion and sediment load dynamics.
  • Mapped urban surface damages in Derna and Susah.

Main Results:

  • Increased sediment loading intensified turbid stream density.
  • 66% of Derna and 48% of Susah urban surfaces suffered moderate-to-high damage.
  • Erosion and sediment dynamics exacerbated flash flood impacts in coastal cities.

Conclusions:

  • Eastern Mediterranean arid coastal watersheds are increasingly vulnerable to hydroclimatic extremes.
  • A transformative coastal management approach is needed.
  • Implementation of nature-based solutions and land-use changes is crucial for risk mitigation.