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RNA Editing02:23

RNA Editing

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RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
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Types of RNA01:23

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Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Riboswitches01:56

Riboswitches

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Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
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Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
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RNA Interference01:23

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
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A Nonsequencing Approach for the Rapid Detection of RNA Editing
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A Nonsequencing Approach for the Rapid Detection of RNA Editing

Published on: April 21, 2022

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RBPs: an RNA editor's choice.

Ivo Fierro-Monti1

  • 1European Molecular Biology Laboratory - European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom.

Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences
|August 21, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

RNA Editing significantly impacts RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), causing amino acid changes that affect gene regulation and disease. Understanding these RNA Editing events in RBPs offers new precision medicine opportunities.

Keywords:
RNA editingRNA-binding proteins (RBPs)missense variantsproteogenomicsproteomicsrecodingsingle amino acid variants (SAAV)

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Author Spotlight: AQRNA-seq Role in Mapping Small RNAs and Unraveling Protein Translation Mechanisms
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are crucial for gene expression and post-transcriptional regulation.
  • RBPs are susceptible to amino acid substitutions from genomic alterations and RNA Editing.
  • These substitutions can alter RBP function and interactions within ribonucleoprotein complexes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the prevalence and impact of RNA Editing on RBPs.
  • To investigate the interplay between RBPs and RNA Editing events.
  • To understand the implications of RNA Editing-induced single amino acid variants (SAAVs) in disease.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on RNA Editing and RBPs.
  • Analysis of the impact of SAAVs on RBP function.
  • Brief discussion of Proteogenomics in SAAV identification.

Main Results:

  • RNA Editing frequently occurs in RBPs, leading to SAAVs.
  • These SAAVs can modulate RBP function and contribute to disease pathogenesis.
  • Proteogenomics aids in identifying these variants.

Conclusions:

  • RNA Editing in RBPs is a significant factor in post-transcriptional regulation and disease.
  • Targeting RNA Editing in RBPs presents a potential avenue for precision medicine.
  • Further research into RBP RNA Editing is essential for understanding health and disease variations.