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In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Alternative Methods

Alternative drug dissolution methods include the rotating bottle, intrinsic dissolution test, peristalsis, and the Franz diffusion cell method. The rotating bottle method involves meticulously rotating tightly capped controlled-release beads in a temperature-controlled bath. Periodic decanting of samples allows for residue assay, followed by refilling with fresh medium and testing at various pH levels to emulate the gastrointestinal tract conditions.In contrast, the intrinsic dissolution test...

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Comparing visualization performance of liquid embolic agents using a novel injectable phantom.

J Ryan Mason1, Cristina Dodge2, Adam Beardsley3

  • 1Department Radiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

Interventional Neuroradiology : Journal of Peritherapeutic Neuroradiology, Surgical Procedures and Related Neurosciences
|August 21, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Liquid embolic agents (LEAs) vary in radiopacity, impacting neurovascular embolization. Omnipaque 300 and NBCA offer the highest contrast resolution, crucial for safe and effective endovascular treatments.

Keywords:
Neurovascular embolizationcontrast resolutionliquid embolics

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Area of Science:

  • Interventional Neuroradiology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Biomaterials Science

Background:

  • Effective radiographic visualization of liquid embolic agents (LEAs) is critical for safe and effective neurovascular embolization procedures.
  • Current LEAs exhibit significant variability in radiopacity, with limited comparative data available.
  • Accurate assessment of LEA visibility is essential for endovascular treatment of arteriovenous shunting lesions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantitatively compare the contrast resolution (CR) of various liquid embolic agents (LEAs) against standard contrast media.
  • To evaluate LEA visibility under roadmap fluoroscopy during simulated embolization.
  • To establish a comparative framework for LEA radiopacity in neurovascular interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Design of an injectable angiographic phantom with parallel tubings (313-1000 microns).
  • Injection and analysis of eight radiopaque agents: Onyx 18/34, Squid 12/18, PHIL 25%/30%, Trufill (NBCA), and Omnipaque 300.
  • Evaluation of CR using contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) calculation.

Main Results:

  • Omnipaque 300 and NBCA demonstrated the highest contrast resolution.
  • PHIL 25% exhibited the lowest CNR, at 45% of Omnipaque 300.
  • Onyx 18/34 showed higher CNR (approx. 82% of Omnipaque 300) than Squid 12/18 (52-55%).
  • Significant CNR reduction observed at smaller vessel diameters (70% at 500 microns, 90% at 313 microns).

Conclusions:

  • A significant difference in CNR exists between most LEAs and iodinated contrast media under roadmap conditions.
  • These visibility differences must be considered before LEA injection in clinical practice.
  • The findings highlight the importance of selecting LEAs with adequate radiopacity for optimal procedural guidance.