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Related Concept Videos

Organization of the Nervous System01:13

Organization of the Nervous System

5.7K
The nervous system is one of the most complex systems in our body. It is organized into two main divisions: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
The CNS, comprising the brain and spinal cord, houses billions of neurons. The brain is housed in the skull, while the spinal cord is linked to the brain through the foramen magnum of the occipital bone and is surrounded by the protective structure of the vertebral column. It is responsible for processing various...
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Functional Divisions of the Nervous System01:23

Functional Divisions of the Nervous System

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The nervous system, responsible for sensing, integrating, and responding to various stimuli, is divided into the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The PNS has two functional divisions: the sensory or afferent division and the motor or efferent division.
The sensory division transmits information from sensory receptors in the body to the CNS. It provides the CNS with knowledge about somatic senses (such as tactile, thermal, pain, and proprioceptive sensations)...
4.8K
Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue01:15

Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue

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In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...
747
Peripheral Nervous System: Ganglia and Nerves01:24

Peripheral Nervous System: Ganglia and Nerves

1.7K
The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) is a crucial component of the body's neural network, extending beyond the central nervous system (CNS) to bridge the gap between the CNS and the external environment. It encompasses nerves, ganglia, and sensory receptors.
Nerves
The nerve is a bundle of axons that serves as the communication highway in the PNS. Each nerve is ensheathed in a protective layer of connective tissue called the epineurium. This outermost layer safeguards the nerve and supports the...
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Nervous System01:21

Nervous System

1.7K
The nervous system coordinates body functions through its complex network of nerve cells, enabling sensation and movement. It is divided into two primary parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS is composed of the brain and the spinal cord. The brain acts as the body's control center, processing sensory information and coordinating responses. The spinal cord functions as a major signaling pathway for the brain and the rest of the body.
1.7K
Osmoregulation in Fishes02:32

Osmoregulation in Fishes

49.4K
When cells are placed in a hypotonic (low-salt) fluid, they can swell and burst. Meanwhile, cells in a hypertonic solution—with a higher salt concentration—can shrivel and die. How do fish cells avoid these gruesome fates in hypotonic freshwater or hypertonic seawater environments?
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2025

Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization and 5-Ethynyl-2'-Deoxyuridine Labeling for Stem-Like Cells in the Hydrozoan Jellyfish Cladonema pacificum
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Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization and 5-Ethynyl-2'-Deoxyuridine Labeling for Stem-Like Cells in the Hydrozoan Jellyfish Cladonema pacificum

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Jellyfish for the study of nervous system evolution and function.

Karen Cunningham1, David J Anderson2, Brandon Weissbourd1

  • 1Department of Biology and The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.

Current Opinion in Neurobiology
|August 21, 2024
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Summary

Jellyfish possess decentralized nervous systems that enable autonomous behaviors in body parts. A new genetically tractable model offers insights into jellyfish neurobiology and evolution.

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Biology
  • Neuroscience
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Jellyfish are ancient, free-swimming predators crucial to ocean ecosystems.
  • Their complex behaviors stem from decentralized, regenerative nervous systems.
  • Part-specific behaviors can be generated autonomously after excision.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the organization of jellyfish nervous systems.
  • To highlight opportunities for systems and evolutionary neuroscience research.
  • To introduce a genetically tractable jellyfish model.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on jellyfish nervous systems.
  • Discussion of a newly developed genetically tractable jellyfish model.
  • Exploration of research avenues in systems and evolutionary neuroscience.

Main Results:

  • Jellyfish nervous systems are decentralized and regenerative.
  • Specific body parts can autonomously perform behaviors.
  • A tractable model system is now available for detailed study.

Conclusions:

  • Jellyfish nervous system organization provides unique research opportunities.
  • The new model facilitates advanced studies in neurobiology and evolution.
  • Understanding jellyfish neurobiology can shed light on early nervous system evolution.