RNA recognition in toll-like receptor signaling
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Updated: Jun 15, 2025

Screening Bioactive Nanoparticles in Phagocytic Immune Cells for Inhibitors of Toll-like Receptor Signaling
Published on: July 26, 2017
1Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
Abstract:
RNA, either from invading pathogens or within the hosts, is one of the principal PAMPs (pathogen-associated molecular patterns). Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and other receptors of the innate immune system exist that detect immunostimulatory RNA including double and single stranded RNA, and then induce cytokine-mediated antiviral and proinflammatory responses. Recent years have seen remarkable progress in biochemical, immunological, and structural biological studies on TLRs, opening new avenues for TLR signaling. In this review, we highlight our current understanding of RNA- sensing TLRs and discuss the regulatory mechanisms that normally prevent inappropriate responses to self.
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