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Transgender lives at the population level: Evidence from Danish administrative data
Morten Kjær Thomsen1, Matvei Andersen2, Jane Greve2
1Department of Sociology, Leverhulme Centre for Demographic Science & Worcester College, University of Oxford, UK.
Social Science & Medicine (1982)
|August 21, 2024
Summary
This study reveals significant disparities among transgender subpopulations in Denmark. Individuals undergoing legal sex changes or receiving diagnoses face considerable disadvantages in education, employment, and healthcare compared to the general population.
Area of Science:
- Demographic studies
- Public health research
- Sociology
Background:
- Understanding the diverse characteristics of transgender populations is crucial for targeted public health interventions and policy development.
- Previous research has often aggregated transgender individuals, masking significant variations within the community.
- Danish population registers offer a unique opportunity for a rigorous, population-level analysis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide the first rigorous account of diverse characteristics across distinct transgender subpopulations at the population level.
- To compare socioeconomic, educational, and healthcare outcomes among transgender individuals identified through legal sex changes, diagnostic codes, and self-identification.
- To highlight the impact of identification strategies on observed population characteristics.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of Danish national population registers.
- Identification of three distinct transgender subpopulations: T-Legal (legal sex change), T-ICD (diagnostic codes), and T-Survey (self-identification).
- Comparison of background, family, education, labor market, and healthcare utilization characteristics across subpopulations and the general population.
Main Results:
- Significant differences exist in background, education, employment, and healthcare use among the three transgender subpopulations.
- Individuals with legal sex changes (T-Legal) and diagnostic codes (T-ICD) face substantial disadvantages, including higher psychiatric hospital visits, lower educational attainment, and reduced earnings and employment rates.
- These disadvantages persist even when controlling for background characteristics and educational attainment, indicating systemic barriers.
Conclusions:
- The method used to identify transgender individuals in population data significantly impacts observed characteristics.
- Transgender individuals seeking medical or legal transition (T-Legal, T-ICD) represent a distinct, socioeconomically disadvantaged group.
- Findings underscore the need for tailored support and policy interventions addressing the specific needs and challenges faced by different transgender subpopulations.
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